Overview
Permanent land sites are fixed locations with one or more instruments. These instruments are always maintained at this site and continue to collect measurements even after the field campaign ends. Examples include permanent towers (such as FLUXNET or ASOS/AWOS), NEXRAD radar sites, AERONET network sites, and airport observation stations.
Online information
Related Campaigns & Instruments
Review the instruments operated on this platform for each of these field campaigns
Slide 1 of 70
Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel
2012—2014
Subtropical Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 15 Data Products| 2013-08-20 | 2013-09-26 |
| 2012-08-28 | 2012-11-06 |
| 2014-08-26 | 2014-10-20 |
The Very Low Frequency (VLF) Receiver is a ground-based receiver used for the detection of lightning. It detects lightning discharges called “sferics” in the 3 to 30 kHz VLF band to determine lightning location. VLF receivers are ideal for long-range lightning detection and can detect lightning strikes up to several thousand kilometers distances. VLF receivers are a part of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
Olympic Mountains Experiment
2015—2016
Olympic Peninsula in U.S. Washington State
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 36 Data Products| 2015-11-01 | 2016-05-01 |
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
S-band radars are ground-based or shipborne radars that operate at the frequency range of 2-4 GHz. They provide measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other radar parameters to characterize precipitation and clouds. They are not easily attenuated making them useful for near and far-range weather observations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys
2013
North America including portions of Canada, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 20 Data Products| 2013-08-01 | 2013-09-23 |
The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a worldwide ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been operational since 1999. MPLNET offers continuous observations of aerosol and cloud vertical structures as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 meters, depending on the station. Many MPLNET sites are co-located with locations in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help minimize retrieval errors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface
2012—2015
North America
view all deployment dates
40 Deployments
· 18 Data Products| 2013-08-18 | 2013-08-27 |
| 2013-04-11 | 2013-04-19 |
| 2013-05-28 | 2013-06-07 |
| 2013-07-06 | 2013-07-14 |
| 2015-08-19 | 2015-08-27 |
| 2014-04-14 | 2014-04-25 |
| 2014-06-26 | 2014-07-07 |
| 2015-02-17 | 2015-02-25 |
| 2015-06-29 | 2015-07-06 |
| 2013-06-10 | 2013-06-21 |
| 2013-07-26 | 2013-08-03 |
| 2013-02-19 | 2013-02-25 |
| 2015-09-02 | 2015-09-10 |
| 2015-09-22 | 2015-09-29 |
| 2014-03-24 | 2014-04-02 |
| 2014-07-08 | 2014-07-19 |
| 2015-05-20 | 2015-05-24 |
| 2014-10-14 | 2014-10-24 |
| 2012-09-18 | 2012-09-20 |
| 2012-10-02 | 2012-10-11 |
| 2012-10-12 | 2012-10-22 |
| 2013-04-20 | 2013-05-01 |
| 2015-08-07 | 2015-08-18 |
| 2014-06-06 | 2014-06-19 |
| 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-27 |
| 2015-04-03 | 2015-04-14 |
| 2015-04-15 | 2015-04-24 |
| 2013-07-15 | 2013-07-25 |
| 2013-11-19 | 2013-11-25 |
| 2014-09-28 | 2014-10-08 |
| 2012-10-23 | 2012-10-30 |
| 2013-02-05 | 2013-02-12 |
| 2013-09-27 | 2013-09-30 |
| 2013-10-24 | 2013-10-28 |
| 2014-09-22 | 2014-09-27 |
| 2014-08-08 | 2014-08-15 |
| 2014-05-27 | 2014-06-04 |
| 2014-02-13 | 2014-02-24 |
| 2015-05-26 | 2015-05-31 |
| 2015-02-10 | 2015-02-13 |
FLUXNET is a global network of eddy covariance flux towers. Each tower is equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the fluxes of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor between the land surface and the atmosphere. These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature. Currently, FLUXNET has over 250 flux tower sites across the globe in various vegetation types such as tundra, tropical, forest, and grasslands.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Infrared Thermometers (IRTs) are ground-based pyrometers that measure the brightness temperature of a scene within their field of view. They determine brightness temperature by detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted by Earth’s surface. These measurements are used to find either the surface skin temperature or the sea surface temperature, depending on whether the platform is on land or water. IRTs typically operate within the 8- to 14-μm wavelength range.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Skin Temperature
Soil moisture probes are in situ ground-based sensors that measure soil water content. The most common type of soil moisture probes used for scientific research use dielectric permittivity techniques, such as capacitance or time-domain reflectometry sensors. These types of probes measure the charge-storage capacity of the soil to determine the soil moisture content. They typically operate at frequencies around 50 MHz and above to reduce sensitivity to salinity. Soil moisture probes provide continuous measurements and are relatively easy to deploy.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Salinity/soil Sodicity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission-Large Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere
1999
Brazil, Southwest Amazon basin
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 1999-01-07 | 1999-02-28 |
The Advanced Lightning Direction Finder (ALDF) is a ground-based lightning detection sensor. It measures the magnetic field strength and arrival time of lightning radio emissions. These measurements are used to determine the location and time of occurrence of lightning ground strikes. ALDF has a typical maximum range of 600 km. ALDFs are used in different lightning detection networks such as the United States National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
Balloon Measurements of the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer
2014—2017
India, Saudi Arabia
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2014-08-18 | 2014-08-25 |
| 2015-07-17 | 2015-08-24 |
| 2017-07-31 | 2017-08-30 |
| 2016-07-01 | 2016-08-31 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Lidar for Atmospheric Measurement and Probing (LAMP) is a ground-based lidar system operated by the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) in Gadanki, India. It detects backscatter at 532 nm wavelength to determine aerosol and cloud optical properties such as optical thickness, backscattering coefficient, extinction coefficient, and cloud top and base height. It has a spatial resolution of 30 meters and a temporal resolution of 1 minute. LAMP is primarily used to collect aerosol and cloud properties during nighttime.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere (MST) Radar is a ground-based radar operated by the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) and located at Gadanki, India. It is a coherent pulsed Doppler radar that detects backscatter to provide wind profiles in the troposphere, lower stratosphere, and mesosphere. It operates at 53 MHz and reaches heights of up to 100 km in the atmosphere. The MST Radar has a typical range resolution of 150 meters and a temporal resolution of 1 minute.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
The Micropulse Lidar (MPL) is a ground-based lidar system used for cloud detection. It measures lidar backscatter at 532 nm to retrieve cloud properties such as cloud top and base height. It can also be used for the detection of aerosols. MPL has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a maximum range of 18 km. MPL can operate autonomously and typically provides 10-second averaged data.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Rayleigh/Mie Lidar is a ground-based lidar operated by the National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL) in Gadanki, India. It uses two channels: one for detecting Mie scattering and another for Rayleigh scattering. These measurements help derive cloud properties, aerosols, and temperature profiles. It operates at a wavelength of 532 nm with a pulse repetition frequency of 50 Hz. It has a spatial resolution of 300 m and a temporal resolution of 4 minutes.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Tropospheric/high-level Clouds (observed/analyzed) > Cirrus/systems > Cirrus Cloud Systems
Arctic Research of the Composition of the Troposphere from Aircraft and Satellites
2008
Alaska, Western Canada, California
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 27 Data Products| 2008-06-26 | 2008-07-14 |
| 2008-03-31 | 2008-04-21 |
| 2008-06-18 | 2008-06-24 |
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Altus Cumulus Electrification Study
2002
Florida Everglades
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 6 Data Products| 2002-08-02 | 2002-08-30 |
The Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) system is a ground-based lightning network located at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). It consists of seven very high-frequency (VHF) radio receivers that detect radio pulses produced by lightning. These receivers are arranged in a hexagonal pattern about 6 to 10 km from the central receiver. The LDAR system operates at 66 MHz with a bandwidth of 6 MHz. It has a typical detection range of 100 km and a time resolution of 10 ns. It provides near real-time mapping of lightning to support Space Shuttle operations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) is a remote, ground-based network operated by Vaisala. It consists of over 100 lightning detection sensors across the United States. These sensors detect the electromagnetic signals given off by lightning to provide information about the location, time, polarity, and amplitude of each lightning stroke. NLDN has a detection efficiency greater than 95% for cloud-ground lightning and has a location accuracy of better than 100 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
The Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Surveillance System (CGLSS) is a ground-based lightning detection network located at Kennedy Space Center and operated by the United States Air Force. It includes six medium-gain IMPACT Enhanced Sensitivity and Performance (ESP) sensors developed by Vaisala. The CGLSS network detects cloud-to-ground lightning by capturing electromagnetic waveforms of the return stroke, transmits that data to a central processor, which estimates the stroke's intensity and location, and delivers this information to users in real-time. Lightning data from the network supports decisions related to ground and launch activities along the Florida coast.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
The Doppler Radar Wind Profiler (DRWP) is a wind profiler system operated by NASA at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). It detects radar signals to provide profiles of wind speed, direction, and shear. KSC operates two types of DRWP systems: a 50-MHz DRWP and a 915-MHz DRWP. The 50-MHz DRWP offers profiles every 5 minutes at intervals of 150 meters within an altitude range of 2 to 18.6 km. The 915-MHz DRWP offers profiles every 15 minutes at intervals of 100 meters within an altitude range of approximately 150 to 6100 meters.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Wind Shear
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
An Electric Field Mill (EFM) is a ground-based and airborne electric sensor developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). It measures the full vector components of the atmospheric electric field and provides information about the electrical structure within and around storms. EFMs can detect both intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning and can operate in large thunderstorm fields (thousands of volts per meter). An EFM typically has a response time of about 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
C-band radars operate within the 4-8 GHz frequency range. They provide measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other parameters to characterize precipitation and clouds. C-band radars are usually used for short-range weather observations because they are more prone to attenuation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Korean United States - Air Quality
2016
South Korean peninsula, including surrounding seas
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 20 Data Products| 2016-04-18 | 2016-06-19 |
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
HIWC
High Ice Water Content Radar Study
2015—2022
Southeastern United States, Florida, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Southern California, Hawaii, Pacific Ocean
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2015-08-10 | 2015-08-30 |
| 2018-07-30 | 2018-08-21 |
| 2022-07-05 | 2022-08-01 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Aerosol Characterization from Polarimeter and Lidar
2017
Western United States
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 6 Data Products| 2017-10-19 | 2017-11-09 |
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The California Ambient Air Monitoring Network is a ground-based air quality monitoring system across California, operated by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) along with other federal, state, and local agencies. These sites track both criteria and non-criteria pollutants, particulate matter, toxic air contaminants, and greenhouse gases. It also measures meteorological parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, pressure, and wind speed and direction. The network has more than 250 monitoring stations throughout California and along the California-Mexico border.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Particulate Matter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Particulates
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Surface Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Deep Convective Clouds & Chemistry
2012
Northeastern Colorado, West Texas to Central Oklahoma, Northern Alabama
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 19 Data Products| 2012-05-18 | 2012-06-30 |
The Colorado State University Pawnee (CSU-PAWNEE) Doppler Radar was an S-band ground-based radar situated in the Pawnee National Grasslands. It was operated by CSU and frequently used alongside the CSU-CHILL radar due to their close proximity. CSU-PAWNEE operated at 2.730 GHz and had a typical range resolution of 30 meters. CSU-PAWNEE was decommissioned in March 2015.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Advanced Radar for Meteorological and Operational Research (ARMOR) is a dual-polarization C-band radar operated by the University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH). It is located at the Huntsville International Airport. ARMOR has a transmit frequency of 5625 MHz and a beam width of 0.9 degrees. Its range-gate spacing is 125 m and 250 m, depending on the radar's scan mode. ARMOR originally functioned as a WSR-74C radar for the National Weather Service before being donated to UAH in 2002.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) is a ground-based network of lightning detection sensors. An LMA network includes very high frequency (VHF) antennas, GPS receivers, and processing systems that determine the location, timing, and structure of total lightning. LMA has a horizontal spatial resolution of about 6-12 meters, a vertical resolution of roughly 20-30 meters, and a spatial coverage of approximately 200 km from the network center. It typically samples at 10 µs with about 95% accuracy within 100 km of the network. LMA networks are located in several areas, including Oklahoma, New Mexico, North Alabama, West Texas, Colorado, and Southern Ontario.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) is an airborne S-band radar designed for weather and aircraft surveillance. MPAR features a stationary, non-rotating panel, enabling faster scans than traditional weather radars. It operates in four scan modes simultaneously: Aircraft Track While Scan, Rapid Update Weather Scan, High Fidelity Horizon Weather Scan, and High Fidelity 3D Volume Weather Scan. It functions within the 2.7 to 2.9 GHz frequency range and has a beam width of 1.2 to 2 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
CSU-CHILL is a dual-polarization scanning radar system operated by Colorado State University (CSU). It is part of the CSU Research Facility located in Greeley, CO, but it can be transported. The simultaneous operation of the S-band (2.725 GHz) and X-band (9.41 GHz) radars enables CSU-CHILL to provide high spatial resolution radar measurements, making it useful for hail detection. The S-band radar has a range resolution of 15-150 m and a typical range of 50-300 km. The X-band radar has a range resolution of 15-90 m and a typical range of 75-90 km. CSU-CHILL has a pulse-repetition time (PRT) of 800–2500 ms.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
GOES-R Post Launch Test
2017
Continental United States
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 19 Data Products| 2017-03-21 | 2017-05-17 |
The Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) is a ground-based network of lightning detection sensors. An LMA network includes very high frequency (VHF) antennas, GPS receivers, and processing systems that determine the location, timing, and structure of total lightning. LMA has a horizontal spatial resolution of about 6-12 meters, a vertical resolution of roughly 20-30 meters, and a spatial coverage of approximately 200 km from the network center. It typically samples at 10 µs with about 95% accuracy within 100 km of the network. LMA networks are located in several areas, including Oklahoma, New Mexico, North Alabama, West Texas, Colorado, and Southern Ontario.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
A pyranometer is a ground-based or airborne radiation sensor that measures solar irradiance across a hemispherical field of view. It detects the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, capturing both direct and diffuse sunlight. Pyranometers operate within a spectral range of 280-3000 nm. They are most commonly used for solar monitoring, climate research, weather forecasting, agriculture, and energy management.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Analytical Spectral Device Full Range (ASD-FR) is a ground-based passive spectroradiometer made by Malvern PANalytical. It measures reflectance, transmittance, radiance, and irradiance spectra of vegetation, soils, rocks, and bodies of water. It operates across the entire solar irradiance spectrum (350-2500 nm). It has a spectral resolution of 3 nm in the visible and near-infrared (VNIR) region and 8 nm in the shortwave infrared (SWIR). ASD-FR is used for collecting ground truth data, geology research, plant physiology, ecology studies, and other atmospheric remote sensing applications.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
A pyrheliometer is a ground-based passive radiation sensor. It is used to measure direct beam solar irradiance. Pyrheliometers use a thermopile that converts heat from sunlight to an electrical signal to determine solar radiation. Pyrheliometers measure solar radiation in the 200-4000 nm wavelength range.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
A pyrgeometer is a ground-based or airborne passive radiation sensor. It measures downward and upward longwave radiation in the 4-50 μm spectral range. Pyrgeometers measure changes in resistance/voltage using a thermopile sensor to determine longwave radiation. These measurements can be used to calculate the infrared radiation flux. Pyrgeometers are typically used for climatological, meteorological, and agricultural applications.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Outgoing Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
The Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) is a ground-based passive radiometer used to measure the global and diffuse components of solar irradiance. It measures solar irradiance across six narrowband channels and one broadband channel. The nominal wavelengths of the narrowband channels are 415, 500, 615, 673, 870, and 940 nm. MFRSR has a typical sampling interval of 20 seconds and takes measurements at four different shadowband positions: nadir, first side-band, sun-blocked, and second side-band. MFRSR is deployed across several of the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility sites.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance > Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Atmospheric Carbon and Transport – America
2016—2019
Midwest, Mid-Atlantic, Southern US
view all deployment dates
5 Deployments
· 17 Data Products| 2017-01-31 | 2017-03-10 |
| 2017-10-03 | 2017-11-13 |
| 2019-06-17 | 2019-07-27 |
| 2016-07-18 | 2016-08-29 |
| 2018-04-12 | 2018-05-20 |
The Fourier Transformation Spectrometer (FTS) is a high-resolution spectrometer used both in airborne and ground-based applications. FTS measures the solar radiance reflected from the surface, which can be used to estimate levels of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution of approximately 100m by 1000m and operates at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Picarro gas concentration analyzer is an in situ airborne or ground-based sensor manufactured by Picarro, Inc. It uses Wavelength-Scanned Cavity Ring Spectroscopy (WS-CRDS) to measure trace gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and water vapor. For carbon dioxide measurements, the laser within Picarro operates at 1603 nm wavelength, while 1651 nm wavelength is used for methane and water vapor measurements. Picarro has a typical sampling time of 2.5 seconds. Depending on the model, Picarro can also provide measurements of carbon isotopes for gas concentrations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Ammonia
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Airborne Lightning Observatory for FEGS and TGFs
2023
Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Central America, Caribbean Sea
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 5 Data Products| 2023-07-01 | 2023-07-30 |
The Very Low Frequency (VLF) Receiver is a ground-based receiver used for the detection of lightning. It detects lightning discharges called “sferics” in the 3 to 30 kHz VLF band to determine lightning location. VLF receivers are ideal for long-range lightning detection and can detect lightning strikes up to several thousand kilometers distances. VLF receivers are a part of the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
The Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) is a ground-based network of lightning detection sensors. An LMA network includes very high frequency (VHF) antennas, GPS receivers, and processing systems that determine the location, timing, and structure of total lightning. LMA has a horizontal spatial resolution of about 6-12 meters, a vertical resolution of roughly 20-30 meters, and a spatial coverage of approximately 200 km from the network center. It typically samples at 10 µs with about 95% accuracy within 100 km of the network. LMA networks are located in several areas, including Oklahoma, New Mexico, North Alabama, West Texas, Colorado, and Southern Ontario.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
The Electric Field Change Meter (EFCM) is an airborne in situ electric meter. It uses a two-channel (fast and slow) antenna system to measure electric field changes caused by lightning. The fast channel samples at 10 MHz and detects the radiative component of lightning discharges. The slow channel samples at 1 MHz and observes the electrostatic field component. The EFCM operates across a frequency range of 1 Hz to 100 kHz and has a detection radius of 25 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
The Very High Frequency (VHF) Interferometer is a ground-based broadband interferometer system. It detects lightning by measuring the radio frequency signals radiated from lightning strikes. The VHF Interferometer system consists of 3 VHF antennas and one fast antenna. It operates across the 30-300 MHz frequency band.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Cloud and Land Surface Interaction Campaign 2007
2007
Southern Great Plains, Oklahoma, Kansas
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1 Deployment
· 7 Data Products| 2007-06-11 | 2007-07-06 |
Stream gauges are ground-based sensors that measure the water level or stage of rivers and streams at specific locations. The flow or discharge of a river can then be calculated from these stage measurements. These gauges can provide continuous data, making them useful for monitoring flood risk and water supply. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) operates a network of over 10,000 stream gauges across the United States to assist with flood prediction and water resource management.
Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Freshwater Ecosystems > Rivers/stream
Earth Science > Terrestrial Hydrosphere > Surface Water > Surface Water Processes/measurements > Stage Height
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Light Precipitation Evaluation Experiment
2010
Gulf of Finland
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 22 Data Products| 2010-09-15 | 2010-12-31 |
Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Sensors are in situ optical devices used to study photosynthesis and plant physiology. They detect light between 400 and 700 nm and convert it into signals for PAR measurement. PAR sensors can be mounted on ground-based or water-based platforms or be portable and handheld. They are primarily used in agriculture, such as monitoring crop growth and analyzing light distribution in plant canopies, but they are also employed to study phytoplankton and aquatic productivity.
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation > Photosynthetically Active Radiation
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Photosynthetically Active Radiation
The Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR) is a network of research stations across northern Europe run by the University of Helsinki. Each station has various in situ instruments mounted on flux towers to collect data on temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed, radiation, and aerosols. Measurements are taken daily with a typical sampling frequency of 1 minute.
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation > Rain
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Net Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Dew Point Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation > Photosynthetically Active Radiation
TSI Particle Probes are in situ particle counters and detectors manufactured by TSI Incorporated. They are used to detect aerosol particles and determine concentration and particle counts. TSI Particle Probes are typically combined with particle sizers, which can measure size distribution. TSI Particle Probes can be deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
C-band radars operate within the 4-8 GHz frequency range. They provide measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other parameters to characterize precipitation and clouds. C-band radars are usually used for short-range weather observations because they are more prone to attenuation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
A pyranometer is a ground-based or airborne radiation sensor that measures solar irradiance across a hemispherical field of view. It detects the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, capturing both direct and diffuse sunlight. Pyranometers operate within a spectral range of 280-3000 nm. They are most commonly used for solar monitoring, climate research, weather forecasting, agriculture, and energy management.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
A pyrgeometer is a ground-based or airborne passive radiation sensor. It measures downward and upward longwave radiation in the 4-50 μm spectral range. Pyrgeometers measure changes in resistance/voltage using a thermopile sensor to determine longwave radiation. These measurements can be used to calculate the infrared radiation flux. Pyrgeometers are typically used for climatological, meteorological, and agricultural applications.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Outgoing Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment
2017—2026
Alaska, Northwestern Canada
Ongoing
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 130 Data Products| 2018-07-02 | 2018-09-01 |
| 2022-07-05 | 2022-08-26 |
| 2017-04-27 | 2017-11-04 |
| 2019-06-30 | 2019-09-17 |
| 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-21 |
| 2024-08-12 | 2024-08-26 |
FLUXNET is a global network of eddy covariance flux towers. Each tower is equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the fluxes of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor between the land surface and the atmosphere. These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature. Currently, FLUXNET has over 250 flux tower sites across the globe in various vegetation types such as tundra, tropical, forest, and grasslands.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
SNF
Superior National Forest Project
1983—1984
Superior National Forest near Ely, Minnesota
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 37 Data Products| 1983-05-05 | 1983-10-27 |
| 1984-05-10 | 1984-09-23 |
Spectrophotometers are passive photometers that measure the light intensity of the sample solution as a function of the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation. Spectrophotometers are typically used for ground-based or shipborne observations. They can operate either in the ultraviolet to visible (185-700 nm) spectral range or the infrared (700-15000 nm) range. They are typically used in vegetation studies, air pollution monitoring, and water and soil quality analysis.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Absorption
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Transmittance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Reflectance
Tropical Cloud Systems and Processes
2005
Costa Rica, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, eastern North Pacific
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 14 Data Products| 2005-07-01 | 2005-07-27 |
The Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) is a ground-based network of lightning detection sensors. An LMA network includes very high frequency (VHF) antennas, GPS receivers, and processing systems that determine the location, timing, and structure of total lightning. LMA has a horizontal spatial resolution of about 6-12 meters, a vertical resolution of roughly 20-30 meters, and a spatial coverage of approximately 200 km from the network center. It typically samples at 10 µs with about 95% accuracy within 100 km of the network. LMA networks are located in several areas, including Oklahoma, New Mexico, North Alabama, West Texas, Colorado, and Southern Ontario.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Mid-latitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment
2011
Central Oklahoma, Southern Plains
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 34 Data Products| 2011-04-22 | 2011-06-06 |
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Colorado State University Pawnee (CSU-PAWNEE) Doppler Radar was an S-band ground-based radar situated in the Pawnee National Grasslands. It was operated by CSU and frequently used alongside the CSU-CHILL radar due to their close proximity. CSU-PAWNEE operated at 2.730 GHz and had a typical range resolution of 30 meters. CSU-PAWNEE was decommissioned in March 2015.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
CSU-CHILL is a dual-polarization scanning radar system operated by Colorado State University (CSU). It is part of the CSU Research Facility located in Greeley, CO, but it can be transported. The simultaneous operation of the S-band (2.725 GHz) and X-band (9.41 GHz) radars enables CSU-CHILL to provide high spatial resolution radar measurements, making it useful for hail detection. The S-band radar has a range resolution of 15-150 m and a typical range of 50-300 km. The X-band radar has a range resolution of 15-90 m and a typical range of 75-90 km. CSU-CHILL has a pulse-repetition time (PRT) of 800–2500 ms.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Soil temperature sensors are in situ ground-based sensors used to measure and monitor soil temperature. They measure soil temperature by using thermistors or thermocouples to detect changes in resistance to calculate the temperature. Soil temperature sensors are used for agricultural purposes, environmental monitoring, and ecological research.
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils
Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Land Surface/agriculture Indicators > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Cryosphere > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
A pyranometer is a ground-based or airborne radiation sensor that measures solar irradiance across a hemispherical field of view. It detects the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, capturing both direct and diffuse sunlight. Pyranometers operate within a spectral range of 280-3000 nm. They are most commonly used for solar monitoring, climate research, weather forecasting, agriculture, and energy management.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Iowa Flood Studies
2013
Iowa
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 33 Data Products| 2013-04-10 | 2013-06-15 |
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality
2011—2014
Baltimore MD, San Joaquin Valley CA, Houston TX, Denver CO
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 77 Data Products| 2011-06-27 | 2011-07-31 |
| 2013-09-01 | 2013-10-01 |
| 2013-01-14 | 2013-02-11 |
| 2014-07-16 | 2014-08-16 |
The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a worldwide ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been operational since 1999. MPLNET offers continuous observations of aerosol and cloud vertical structures as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 meters, depending on the station. Many MPLNET sites are co-located with locations in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help minimize retrieval errors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Ceilometers are ground-based remote sensing sensors that measure cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They utilize a laser or another light source to detect backscatter from clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers provide detailed and precise measurements under all weather conditions and are cost-effective to operate. They are commonly used in boundary layer and cloud research.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Nephelometers are in situ optical sensors that can be airborne or ground-based. They measure the total scattering and backscattering of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Nephelometers operate at three wavelengths: 450 nm, 550 nm, and 700 nm, with a typical time resolution of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
Thermo Scientific Gas Analyzers are in situ gas analyzers manufactured by ThermoFisher Scientific. They provide precise measurements of various trace gases such as ozone, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Thermo Scientific Gas Analyzers can be deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Sulfur Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) is an in situ aerosol sensor that can be operated on airborne or ground-based platforms, manufactured by TSI Incorporated. SMPS uses a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) to measure the electrical mobility diameter of aerosol particles, which helps determine the size distribution. It also counts the number of aerosol particles using a condensation particle counter (CPC). It detects particles in the size range of 10-1000 nm and typically takes about 10 seconds to complete each scan.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Aethalometer is an in situ aerosol measuring device made by Magee Scientific. It can be used on both airborne and ground-based platforms. It collects aerosols through a filter tape and gauges the attenuation of transmitted light to assess black carbon particle levels. The Aethalometer works across seven optical wavelengths (370, 470, 520, 590, 660, 880, and 950 nm) and delivers data at a rate of 1 Hz. It has a measurement range of 0-500 μg per cubic meter and a resolution of 0.1 μg per cubic meter.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Carbonaceous Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality
2011—2014
Baltimore MD, San Joaquin Valley CA, Houston TX, Denver CO
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 77 Data Products| 2011-06-27 | 2011-07-31 |
| 2013-09-01 | 2013-10-01 |
| 2013-01-14 | 2013-02-11 |
| 2014-07-16 | 2014-08-16 |
The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a worldwide ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been operational since 1999. MPLNET offers continuous observations of aerosol and cloud vertical structures as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 meters, depending on the station. Many MPLNET sites are co-located with locations in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help minimize retrieval errors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
LI-COR Gas Analyzer is an in situ gas analyzer manufactured by LI-COR. They can be deployed on aircraft, research vessels, vehicles, balloons, and ground-based platforms. They provide measurements of various trace gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and water vapor (H2O). Most models use Optical Feedback-Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) to collect measurements. LI-COR gas analyzers have a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and an operating temperature range of -25 to 45 degrees Celsius.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Ammonia
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) is an in situ aerosol sensor that can be operated on airborne or ground-based platforms, manufactured by TSI Incorporated. SMPS uses a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) to measure the electrical mobility diameter of aerosol particles, which helps determine the size distribution. It also counts the number of aerosol particles using a condensation particle counter (CPC). It detects particles in the size range of 10-1000 nm and typically takes about 10 seconds to complete each scan.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) is an in situ measurement technique used to analyze volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. It employs gas chromatography to separate components of an air sample, and mass spectrometry to ionize, identify, and quantify gas species. GC-MS is utilized to detect VOCs, halocarbons, hydrocarbons, and various other pollutants. It can be used for ground-based or airborne operations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Non-methane Hydrocarbons/volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Halocarbons
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The Proton Transfer Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) is an in situ spectrometer used both on aircraft and ground, developed by the University of Innsbruck in Austria. It detects volatile organic compounds (VOCs) without the need for sample preparation at very low concentrations. PTR-MS employs chemical ionization mass spectrometry, enabling quick and highly sensitive VOC detection. It has a signal integration time ranging from 0.5 to 1 second.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Methanol
The 2B Technologies Ozone (O3) Monitor is an in-situ dual-beam ozone monitor suitable for airborne and ground-based use. It measures O3 concentration through dual-beam ultraviolet (UV) absorption at 254 nm. The device has a detection range of 0 to 20 ppm, a resolution of 0.1 ppb, and provides measurements every 2 seconds. Its operating temperature range is 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, with an altitude range of approximately 0 to 13.5 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Nephelometers are in situ optical sensors that can be airborne or ground-based. They measure the total scattering and backscattering of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Nephelometers operate at three wavelengths: 450 nm, 550 nm, and 700 nm, with a typical time resolution of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentrations. CPCs determine aerosol levels by condensing fluid onto particles, causing them to grow to sizes detectable by optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles ranging from 7 nm to 3 μm, measure concentrations up to 100,000 particles per cubic centimeter, and provide readings every second. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be used on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is an in situ spectrometer developed by Aerodyne Research. It employs quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure aerosol chemical composition and properties. It can detect particles ranging from 40 nm to 1 micron in size and has a time resolution of up to 10 Hz. It can be installed on aircraft, research vessels, mobile laboratories, or other ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) is an in situ laser-induced photometer developed by Droplet Measurement Technologies. SP2 measures the black carbon (BC) mass in individual aerosol particles, along with their optical and physical properties that contain BC. The device detects aerosol particles with diameters of 200-400 nm and can analyze up to 25,000 particles per second. It operates at a sampling rate of 1 Hz and uses a wavelength of 1.06 μm. It can be used on airborne or ground-based platforms and paired with a Humidified-Dual SP2 (HD-SP2).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Carbonaceous Aerosols
The Particle Into Liquid Sampler (PILS) is an in situ aerosol sampler manufactured by Brechtel Manufacturing Inc. PILS can be used by both ground-based and airborne platforms to gather continuous data on ambient aerosol bulk composition. The particles collected by PILS are mixed with saturated water vapor to form droplets that are analyzed by either an ion chromatograph (IC) or a total organic carbon detector (TOC). PILS can detect aerosol particles ranging from 70 nm to 2.5 μm in size and offers a time resolution of 3 minutes for airborne measurements and 15 minutes for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Sulfate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Organic Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Particulate Matter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality
2011—2014
Baltimore MD, San Joaquin Valley CA, Houston TX, Denver CO
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 77 Data Products| 2011-06-27 | 2011-07-31 |
| 2013-09-01 | 2013-10-01 |
| 2013-01-14 | 2013-02-11 |
| 2014-07-16 | 2014-08-16 |
The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a worldwide ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been operational since 1999. MPLNET offers continuous observations of aerosol and cloud vertical structures as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 meters, depending on the station. Many MPLNET sites are co-located with locations in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help minimize retrieval errors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Ceilometers are ground-based remote sensing sensors that measure cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They utilize a laser or another light source to detect backscatter from clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers provide detailed and precise measurements under all weather conditions and are cost-effective to operate. They are commonly used in boundary layer and cloud research.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
The 2B Technologies Ozone (O3) Monitor is an in-situ dual-beam ozone monitor suitable for airborne and ground-based use. It measures O3 concentration through dual-beam ultraviolet (UV) absorption at 254 nm. The device has a detection range of 0 to 20 ppm, a resolution of 0.1 ppb, and provides measurements every 2 seconds. Its operating temperature range is 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, with an altitude range of approximately 0 to 13.5 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
Thermo Scientific Gas Analyzers are in situ gas analyzers manufactured by ThermoFisher Scientific. They provide precise measurements of various trace gases such as ozone, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide. Thermo Scientific Gas Analyzers can be deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Sulfur Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) is a ground-based passive radiometer used to measure the global and diffuse components of solar irradiance. It measures solar irradiance across six narrowband channels and one broadband channel. The nominal wavelengths of the narrowband channels are 415, 500, 615, 673, 870, and 940 nm. MFRSR has a typical sampling interval of 20 seconds and takes measurements at four different shadowband positions: nadir, first side-band, sun-blocked, and second side-band. MFRSR is deployed across several of the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility sites.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance > Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from COlumn and VERtically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality
2011—2014
Baltimore MD, San Joaquin Valley CA, Houston TX, Denver CO
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 77 Data Products| 2011-06-27 | 2011-07-31 |
| 2013-09-01 | 2013-10-01 |
| 2013-01-14 | 2013-02-11 |
| 2014-07-16 | 2014-08-16 |
The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a worldwide ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been operational since 1999. MPLNET offers continuous observations of aerosol and cloud vertical structures as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 meters, depending on the station. Many MPLNET sites are co-located with locations in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help minimize retrieval errors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Ceilometers are ground-based remote sensing sensors that measure cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They utilize a laser or another light source to detect backscatter from clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers provide detailed and precise measurements under all weather conditions and are cost-effective to operate. They are commonly used in boundary layer and cloud research.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The NASA Goddard Tropospheric Ozone Lidar (TROPOZ) is a mobile, ground-based lidar that is part of the Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet). It employs the differential absorption lidar (DIAL) technique to measure ozone at wavelengths of 289 nm and 299 nm. TROPOZ has a range resolution of 15 meters, a repetition rate of 50 Hz, and can produce ozone profiles from 0.35 to 16 km above ground level.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Proton Transfer Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) is an in situ spectrometer used both on aircraft and ground, developed by the University of Innsbruck in Austria. It detects volatile organic compounds (VOCs) without the need for sample preparation at very low concentrations. PTR-MS employs chemical ionization mass spectrometry, enabling quick and highly sensitive VOC detection. It has a signal integration time ranging from 0.5 to 1 second.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Methanol
The 2B Technologies Ozone (O3) Monitor is an in-situ dual-beam ozone monitor suitable for airborne and ground-based use. It measures O3 concentration through dual-beam ultraviolet (UV) absorption at 254 nm. The device has a detection range of 0 to 20 ppm, a resolution of 0.1 ppb, and provides measurements every 2 seconds. Its operating temperature range is 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, with an altitude range of approximately 0 to 13.5 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
NOx/NOxy is an in situ chemiluminescence instrument that measures nitrogen oxides and ozone in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution better than 100 meters at typical DC-8 research flight speeds. NOx/NOxy can be used on ground-based, airborne, and shipborne platforms, enabling it to support various atmospheric chemistry and air quality studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitric Oxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Nitrogen Oxides
The Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) is a ground-based passive radiometer used to measure the global and diffuse components of solar irradiance. It measures solar irradiance across six narrowband channels and one broadband channel. The nominal wavelengths of the narrowband channels are 415, 500, 615, 673, 870, and 940 nm. MFRSR has a typical sampling interval of 20 seconds and takes measurements at four different shadowband positions: nadir, first side-band, sun-blocked, and second side-band. MFRSR is deployed across several of the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility sites.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance > Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
The Particle Into Liquid Sampler (PILS) is an in situ aerosol sampler manufactured by Brechtel Manufacturing Inc. PILS can be used by both ground-based and airborne platforms to gather continuous data on ambient aerosol bulk composition. The particles collected by PILS are mixed with saturated water vapor to form droplets that are analyzed by either an ion chromatograph (IC) or a total organic carbon detector (TOC). PILS can detect aerosol particles ranging from 70 nm to 2.5 μm in size and offers a time resolution of 3 minutes for airborne measurements and 15 minutes for ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Sulfate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Organic Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Nitrate Particles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Particulate Matter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Ozone Water-Land Environmental Transition Study
2017—2018
Chesapeake Bay
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 12 Data Products| 2017-07-05 | 2017-08-24 |
| 2018-05-08 | 2018-07-19 |
The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a worldwide ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been operational since 1999. MPLNET offers continuous observations of aerosol and cloud vertical structures as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 meters, depending on the station. Many MPLNET sites are co-located with locations in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help minimize retrieval errors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
TExas and FLorida UNderflights
1998
Texas, Florida
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 1998-04-01 | 1998-05-15 |
| 1998-08-01 | 1998-09-30 |
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere
2021—2022
Central United States
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 5 Data Products| 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-23 |
| 2021-05-03 | 2021-06-17 |
| 2022-05-26 | 2022-07-12 |
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers Florida Area Cirrus Experiment
2002
Southern Florida
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2002-07-03 | 2002-07-29 |
The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a worldwide ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been operational since 1999. MPLNET offers continuous observations of aerosol and cloud vertical structures as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 meters, depending on the station. Many MPLNET sites are co-located with locations in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help minimize retrieval errors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Wisconsin Snow and Cloud Terra 2000 Experiment
2000
Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, Canada, Wisconsin
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2000-02-24 | 2000-03-13 |
Ceilometers are ground-based remote sensing sensors that measure cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They utilize a laser or another light source to detect backscatter from clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers provide detailed and precise measurements under all weather conditions and are cost-effective to operate. They are commonly used in boundary layer and cloud research.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Wind Profiler is a ground-based Doppler radar. It measures electromagnetic signals to detect wind speed and direction. UHF Wind Profilers operate at the 300-1000 MHz frequency range. Due to operating at a high frequency, they allow for high-resolution wind measurements within the boundary layer.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Boundary Layer Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Raman Lidar (RL) is a ground-based lidar system operated by the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It detects Raman backscatter in the ultraviolet range (355 nm) to provide profiles of water vapor, temperature, and aerosol and cloud optical properties. It also detects Raman backscatter from water vapor at 408 nm and molecular nitrogen at 387 nm to help derive aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratios. It has a range resolution of 7.5 m, a time resolution of 10 seconds, and a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz. RL can deliver profile measurements from approximately 200 m up to 10 km above ground level.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Millimeter-Wavelength Cloud Radar (MMCR) is a ground-based radar developed by the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) for the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites. MMCR provides long-term observations of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectrum width, and other radar parameters for precipitating and nonprecipitating clouds up to 20 km above ground level (AGL). It is a vertically pointing, single-polarization radar system that operates at around 35 GHz. MMCR has a beamwidth of 0.2 degrees and typical vertical resolutions of 45 and 90 meters.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The microwave radiometers (MWRs) are ground-based radiometers manufactured by Radiometrics Corporation and operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Research Facility. MWR measures brightness temperature at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz to determine the column amounts of water vapor and liquid water in the atmosphere. MWR has a field of view (FOV) ranging from about 5.9 to 4.5 degrees depending on the channel and typically has a time resolution of 20 seconds for sky-view observations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) is a ground-based passive interferometer developed by the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (UW-SSEC) for the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure downwelling thermal infrared emissions from the atmosphere. These measurements can be used to provide profile measurements of atmospheric temperature and water vapor and detect trace gases. AERI operates across the 3.3-19 μm spectral range and up to 25 μm for the extended range version of the instrument. It has an optimal vertical resolution of 100 meters and completes a full sky scan about every 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Micropulse Lidar (MPL) is a ground-based lidar system used for cloud detection. It measures lidar backscatter at 532 nm to retrieve cloud properties such as cloud top and base height. It can also be used for the detection of aerosols. MPL has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a maximum range of 18 km. MPL can operate autonomously and typically provides 10-second averaged data.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Sunphotometers are passive optical sensors that measure the amount of sunlight. They are pointed directly at the sun to measure direct sunlight and not sunlight scatter from aerosols. These measurements can be used to determine the aerosol optical depth by following Beer’s Law. Sunphotometers have been deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and field sites for aerosol research and monitoring.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Sunshine
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
The Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) is a ground-based passive radiometer used to measure the global and diffuse components of solar irradiance. It measures solar irradiance across six narrowband channels and one broadband channel. The nominal wavelengths of the narrowband channels are 415, 500, 615, 673, 870, and 940 nm. MFRSR has a typical sampling interval of 20 seconds and takes measurements at four different shadowband positions: nadir, first side-band, sun-blocked, and second side-band. MFRSR is deployed across several of the Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility sites.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance > Shortwave Downward Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Integrated Precipitation and Hydrology Experiment
2014
Southern Appalachians, including portions of North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 47 Data Products| 2014-05-01 | 2014-06-15 |
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Eddy Covariance Flux Towers are in situ micrometeorological surface towers. They are equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the trace gas fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere. Eddy Covariance Towers are typically used to measure fluxes for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O). These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
HIWC
High Ice Water Content Radar Study
2015—2022
Southeastern United States, Florida, Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, Southern California, Hawaii, Pacific Ocean
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2015-08-10 | 2015-08-30 |
| 2018-07-30 | 2018-08-21 |
| 2022-07-05 | 2022-08-01 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Southern African Regional Science Initiative
1999—2001
Southern Africa
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 110 Data Products| 2000-02-01 | 2000-03-31 |
| 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-31 |
| 1999-08-01 | 1999-09-30 |
| 2000-08-01 | 2000-09-30 |
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Southern African Regional Science Initiative
1999—2001
Southern Africa
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 110 Data Products| 2000-02-01 | 2000-03-31 |
| 2001-03-01 | 2001-03-31 |
| 1999-08-01 | 1999-09-30 |
| 2000-08-01 | 2000-09-30 |
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The NASA Micro-Pulse Lidar Network (MPLNET) is a worldwide ground-based network of Micro-Pulse Lidar (MPL) systems that has been operational since 1999. MPLNET offers continuous observations of aerosol and cloud vertical structures as well as boundary layer height from the surface up to 30 km. The MPL systems operate at a wavelength range of 523-532 nm and have a vertically-resolved spatial resolution of 30 to 75 meters, depending on the station. Many MPLNET sites are co-located with locations in the NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) to help minimize retrieval errors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Vertical Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
NASA African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses
2006
Cape Verde Islands, Atlantic Ocean
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 22 Data Products| 2006-08-15 | 2006-09-15 |
The Arrival Time Difference Network (ATDnet) is a ground-based lightning detection network operated by the United Kingdom Meteorological Office. It consists of several sensors across Europe that detect lightning in Europe, northern Africa, and the northern Atlantic Ocean. It uses very-low-frequency (VLF) sensors to detect the electromagnetic waves or sferics generated by lightning strikes to determine the number and location of lightning strikes. These sensors operate at a central frequency of 13.733 kHz and have a time resolution of 1 ns. ATDnet has a location accuracy of 1-3 km.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
The ZEUS Long-Range Lightning Detection Network is a ground-based network of ZEUS lightning detection systems across Europe, Africa, and Brazil. ZEUS detects the sferics emitted by a cloud-to-ground lightning strike in the very low frequency (VLF) spectrum (7-15 kHz). The lightning location and time are determined by using the arrival time difference (ATD) technique. ZEUS can measure 70 sferics per second and has a spatial accuracy of 10-20 km within the network periphery.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
FLUXNET is a global network of eddy covariance flux towers. Each tower is equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the fluxes of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor between the land surface and the atmosphere. These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature. Currently, FLUXNET has over 250 flux tower sites across the globe in various vegetation types such as tundra, tropical, forest, and grasslands.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
LI-COR Gas Analyzer is an in situ gas analyzer manufactured by LI-COR. They can be deployed on aircraft, research vessels, vehicles, balloons, and ground-based platforms. They provide measurements of various trace gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and water vapor (H2O). Most models use Optical Feedback-Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) to collect measurements. LI-COR gas analyzers have a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and an operating temperature range of -25 to 45 degrees Celsius.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Ammonia
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrous Oxide
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
A pyranometer is a ground-based or airborne radiation sensor that measures solar irradiance across a hemispherical field of view. It detects the amount of solar energy reaching the surface, capturing both direct and diffuse sunlight. Pyranometers operate within a spectral range of 280-3000 nm. They are most commonly used for solar monitoring, climate research, weather forecasting, agriculture, and energy management.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
A pyrgeometer is a ground-based or airborne passive radiation sensor. It measures downward and upward longwave radiation in the 4-50 μm spectral range. Pyrgeometers measure changes in resistance/voltage using a thermopile sensor to determine longwave radiation. These measurements can be used to calculate the infrared radiation flux. Pyrgeometers are typically used for climatological, meteorological, and agricultural applications.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Outgoing Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study
1994—1996
Boreal forests of central Canada
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 303 Data Products| 1994-02-02 | 1994-09-19 |
| 1996-02-27 | 1996-10-21 |
Eddy Covariance Flux Towers are in situ micrometeorological surface towers. They are equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the trace gas fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere. Eddy Covariance Towers are typically used to measure fluxes for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O). These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
TRacking Aerosol Convection ExpeRiment – Air Quality
2021
Galveston Bay, Gulf of Mexico, Houston metropolitan area
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 5 Data Products| 2021-09-01 | 2021-09-27 |
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
GPM Cold Season Precipitation Experiment
2012
Ontario, Canada and northern portions of the United States (e.g., New York state, the New England area, etc.)
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 44 Data Products| 2012-01-15 | 2012-03-04 |
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
BlueFlux
2022—2023
Southern Florida
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 4 Data Products| 2023-02-05 | 2023-02-13 |
| 2023-03-10 | 2023-04-19 |
| 2022-03-19 | 2022-04-26 |
| 2022-10-14 | 2022-10-21 |
Eddy Covariance Flux Towers are in situ micrometeorological surface towers. They are equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the trace gas fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere. Eddy Covariance Towers are typically used to measure fluxes for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O). These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Investigation of Microphysics and Precipitation for Atlantic Coast-Threatening Snowstorms
2020—2023
Eastern United States
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 73 Data Products| 2020-01-17 | 2020-03-01 |
| 2022-01-08 | 2022-02-28 |
| 2023-01-13 | 2023-03-02 |
The New York State (NYS) Mesonet is a ground-based network operated by the University at Albany. It has 127 weather stations, with at least one in each county and borough. Each station records temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, pressure, solar radiation, precipitation, and soil data in real-time every 5 minutes. The NYS Mesonet also includes several sub-networks, such as a Profiler Network with 17 sites for remote sensing atmospheric observations, a Flux Network with 17 sites for monitoring surface energy, and a Snow Network with 20 sites for measuring snow water content.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Rate
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Cryospheric Indicators > Snow Depth
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
WINter Cloud Experiment
1997
Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, Canada
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1997-01-23 | 1997-02-13 |
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
BigFoot Project
1999—2004
United States, Canada, Brazil
view all deployment dates
16 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 2001-08-01 | 2001-08-31 |
| 1999-05-01 | 1999-09-30 |
| 2000-06-01 | 2000-06-30 |
| 2000-07-01 | 2000-08-31 |
| 2001-06-01 | 2001-06-30 |
| 2001-07-01 | 2001-07-31 |
| 2001-09-01 | 2001-10-31 |
| 2002-07-01 | 2002-07-31 |
| 2002-08-01 | 2002-08-31 |
| 2002-09-01 | 2002-09-30 |
| 2002-11-01 | 2002-11-30 |
| 2003-06-01 | 2003-06-30 |
| 2003-07-01 | 2003-07-31 |
| 2003-09-01 | 2003-09-30 |
| 2003-11-01 | 2003-11-30 |
| 2004-02-01 | 2004-02-29 |
The LI-COR Plant Canopy Analyzer is an in situ analyzer manufactured by LI-COR for leaf area index (LAI) measurements. It measures diffuse sky radiation that passes through the canopy across five zenith angels to determine LAI and other canopy characteristics. It can be used for most sky conditions and canopy types, such as row crops, grasslands, isolated trees, and forests. The optical sensor within the Plant Canopy Analyzer has a wavelength range of 320-490 nm. It has a field of view of 148 degrees and an operating temperature range of -20 to 50 degrees Celsius.
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation > Vegetation Index > Leaf Area Index (lai)
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation > Leaf Characteristics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation > Canopy Characteristics
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation
Earth Science > Biosphere > Vegetation > Leaf Characteristics > Leaf Area Index (lai)
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
FLUXNET is a global network of eddy covariance flux towers. Each tower is equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the fluxes of trace gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor between the land surface and the atmosphere. These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature. Currently, FLUXNET has over 250 flux tower sites across the globe in various vegetation types such as tundra, tropical, forest, and grasslands.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
MidCiX
Middle Latitude Cirrus Experiment
2004
South-central United States
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2004-04-14 | 2004-05-15 |
The Raman Lidar (RL) is a ground-based lidar system operated by the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It detects Raman backscatter in the ultraviolet range (355 nm) to provide profiles of water vapor, temperature, and aerosol and cloud optical properties. It also detects Raman backscatter from water vapor at 408 nm and molecular nitrogen at 387 nm to help derive aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratios. It has a range resolution of 7.5 m, a time resolution of 10 seconds, and a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz. RL can deliver profile measurements from approximately 200 m up to 10 km above ground level.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Millimeter-Wavelength Cloud Radar (MMCR) is a ground-based radar developed by the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL) for the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) sites. MMCR provides long-term observations of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectrum width, and other radar parameters for precipitating and nonprecipitating clouds up to 20 km above ground level (AGL). It is a vertically pointing, single-polarization radar system that operates at around 35 GHz. MMCR has a beamwidth of 0.2 degrees and typical vertical resolutions of 45 and 90 meters.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) is a ground-based passive interferometer developed by the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (UW-SSEC) for the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure downwelling thermal infrared emissions from the atmosphere. These measurements can be used to provide profile measurements of atmospheric temperature and water vapor and detect trace gases. AERI operates across the 3.3-19 μm spectral range and up to 25 μm for the extended range version of the instrument. It has an optimal vertical resolution of 100 meters and completes a full sky scan about every 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Total Sky Imager (TSI) is a ground-based, optical instrument developed by Yankee Environmental Systems (YES), Inc. TSI provides full-color, hemispheric images of the sky during the day using a charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. It also measures fractional sky cover and sun obscuration caused by clouds. TSI can be mounted on mobile platforms such as trailers and research vehicles, enabling it to collect cloud cover data in different locations during field studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Fraction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
The Micropulse Lidar (MPL) is a ground-based lidar system used for cloud detection. It measures lidar backscatter at 532 nm to retrieve cloud properties such as cloud top and base height. It can also be used for the detection of aerosols. MPL has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a maximum range of 18 km. MPL can operate autonomously and typically provides 10-second averaged data.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
1995—1996
Pacific Ocean, Moffett Field, California, Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 9 Data Products| 1995-04-25 | 1995-05-21 |
| 1995-10-16 | 1995-11-10 |
| 1996-01-25 | 1996-02-16 |
| 1996-07-10 | 1996-08-11 |
| 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-25 |
| 1996-12-01 | 1996-12-20 |
The Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is an airborne lidar system developed at NASA’s Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses four lasers to detect lidar backscatter and provide profile measurements of ozone and aerosols in the atmosphere. DIAL operates in the ultraviolet (289-300 nm) for ozone detection and in the visible (572-600 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) for aerosols. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 15 km and a measurement accuracy of 5 ppbv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Stratospheric Tracers of Atmospheric Transport
1995—1996
Pacific Ocean, Moffett Field, California, Barbers Point Naval Air Station, Hawaii
view all deployment dates
6 Deployments
· 9 Data Products| 1995-04-25 | 1995-05-21 |
| 1995-10-16 | 1995-11-10 |
| 1996-01-25 | 1996-02-16 |
| 1996-07-10 | 1996-08-11 |
| 1996-09-13 | 1996-09-25 |
| 1996-12-01 | 1996-12-20 |
The Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is an airborne lidar system developed at NASA’s Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses four lasers to detect lidar backscatter and provide profile measurements of ozone and aerosols in the atmosphere. DIAL operates in the ultraviolet (289-300 nm) for ozone detection and in the visible (572-600 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) for aerosols. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 15 km and a measurement accuracy of 5 ppbv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Airborne Raman Ozone, Temperature, and Aerosol Lidar (AROTAL) is an airborne lidar system operated by Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It detects lidar backscatter to provide vertical profiles of ozone, temperature, and aerosols. It operates across four transmitted wavelengths: 308, 355, 532, and 1064 nm. It also collects Raman scattering at 332 nm and 387 nm. AROTAL has a horizontal resolution of about 4 to 7 km and a vertical resolution of 0.5 to 1.5 km.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Airborne and Satellite Investigation of Asian Air Quality
2024
East and Southeast Asia, Philippines, South Korea, Thailand
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 8 Data Products| 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-01 |
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Subsonic Assessment (SASS) Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide Experiment
1997
North Atlantic Ocean, Ireland, Newfoundland, Bangor, Maine, Azores
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 10 Data Products| 1997-10-07 | 1997-11-12 |
The National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) is a remote, ground-based network operated by Vaisala. It consists of over 100 lightning detection sensors across the United States. These sensors detect the electromagnetic signals given off by lightning to provide information about the location, time, polarity, and amplitude of each lightning stroke. NLDN has a detection efficiency greater than 95% for cloud-ground lightning and has a location accuracy of better than 100 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
Tropical Ozone Transport Experiment – Vortex Ozone Transport Experiment
1995—1996
Pacific Ocean, Hawaii, Alaska, Iceland, Arctic, Arctic Ocean
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 10 Data Products| 1995-12-03 | 1996-02-20 |
The Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is an airborne lidar system developed at NASA’s Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses four lasers to detect lidar backscatter and provide profile measurements of ozone and aerosols in the atmosphere. DIAL operates in the ultraviolet (289-300 nm) for ozone detection and in the visible (572-600 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) for aerosols. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 15 km and a measurement accuracy of 5 ppbv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
SUbsonic aircraft: Contrail & Clouds Effects Special Study
1996
Central and Western United States
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 1996-04-02 | 1996-05-15 |
The Raman Lidar (RL) is a ground-based lidar system operated by the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It detects Raman backscatter in the ultraviolet range (355 nm) to provide profiles of water vapor, temperature, and aerosol and cloud optical properties. It also detects Raman backscatter from water vapor at 408 nm and molecular nitrogen at 387 nm to help derive aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratios. It has a range resolution of 7.5 m, a time resolution of 10 seconds, and a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz. RL can deliver profile measurements from approximately 200 m up to 10 km above ground level.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Sunphotometers are passive optical sensors that measure the amount of sunlight. They are pointed directly at the sun to measure direct sunlight and not sunlight scatter from aerosols. These measurements can be used to determine the aerosol optical depth by following Beer’s Law. Sunphotometers have been deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and field sites for aerosol research and monitoring.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Sunshine
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Video cameras capture video recordings of various phenomena for research purposes. They are used on aircraft to provide continuous views of weather and terrain below the flight path. Video cameras are also employed to verify the aircraft's flight track. Additionally, they are deployed at field sites to monitor changes in vegetation, land cover, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other Earth science phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Digital cameras are used to provide imagery for research applications. Cameras are used on aircraft to collect aerial imagery for mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, cloud observations, agriculture, geological studies, and other Earth science applications. They are also used at field sites to capture visual observations to monitor changes in land cover, vegetation, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
The microwave radiometers (MWRs) are ground-based radiometers manufactured by Radiometrics Corporation and operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Research Facility. MWR measures brightness temperature at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz to determine the column amounts of water vapor and liquid water in the atmosphere. MWR has a field of view (FOV) ranging from about 5.9 to 4.5 degrees depending on the channel and typically has a time resolution of 20 seconds for sky-view observations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) is a ground-based passive interferometer developed by the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (UW-SSEC) for the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure downwelling thermal infrared emissions from the atmosphere. These measurements can be used to provide profile measurements of atmospheric temperature and water vapor and detect trace gases. AERI operates across the 3.3-19 μm spectral range and up to 25 μm for the extended range version of the instrument. It has an optimal vertical resolution of 100 meters and completes a full sky scan about every 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Radiation Measurement System (RAMS) is an airborne passive radiometer that measures broadband solar irradiance. RAMS includes two radiometers: the Total Solar Broadband Radiometer (TSBR) and the Fractional Solar Broadband Radiometer (FSBR). The TSBR operates in the 0.224 to 3.91 μm range, while the FSBR operates between 0.68 and 3.3 μm. It has a response time of approximately 60 milliseconds and can provide measurements every 5 meters for aircraft speeds around 75 m/s. RAMS is primarily used for airborne operations but can also be used to collect ground-based measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
W-band radars are highly sensitive radars used for atmospheric research. They operate around the 94-95 GHz frequency band, allowing for the detection of small water droplets. W-band radars are used for cloud and precipitation studies since they can provide more detailed observations than typical weather radars. They can be deployed on research vessels, aircraft, and mobile ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) is an airborne radiometer developed by the Ames Atmospheric Radiation Group. It measures solar spectral irradiance in the troposphere. SSFR works within the 300-2150 nm wavelength range and offers a spectral resolution of 8-12 nm. It typically collects data at 1 Hz and has a radiometric accuracy of 3%.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Spectral Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Radiative Flux
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Infrared Thermometers (IRTs) are ground-based pyrometers that measure the brightness temperature of a scene within their field of view. They determine brightness temperature by detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted by Earth’s surface. These measurements are used to find either the surface skin temperature or the sea surface temperature, depending on whether the platform is on land or water. IRTs typically operate within the 8- to 14-μm wavelength range.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Skin Temperature
The Polarization Diversity Lidar (PDL) is a ground-based mobile lidar system developed at the University of Utah. It is a dual-wavelength (1.06 and 0.532 μm) scanning lidar system that simultaneously measures backscatter and depolarization at both wavelengths to characterize clouds and aerosols. It has a spatial resolution of 1.5 meters and a temporal resolution of 0.1 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
The Total Sky Imager (TSI) is a ground-based, optical instrument developed by Yankee Environmental Systems (YES), Inc. TSI provides full-color, hemispheric images of the sky during the day using a charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. It also measures fractional sky cover and sun obscuration caused by clouds. TSI can be mounted on mobile platforms such as trailers and research vehicles, enabling it to collect cloud cover data in different locations during field studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Fraction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
The Fourier Transformation Spectrometer (FTS) is a high-resolution spectrometer used both in airborne and ground-based applications. FTS measures the solar radiance reflected from the surface, which can be used to estimate levels of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution of approximately 100m by 1000m and operates at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Micropulse Lidar (MPL) is a ground-based lidar system used for cloud detection. It measures lidar backscatter at 532 nm to retrieve cloud properties such as cloud top and base height. It can also be used for the detection of aerosols. MPL has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a maximum range of 18 km. MPL can operate autonomously and typically provides 10-second averaged data.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) is an active ground-based acoustic sounder that provides profiles of virtual temperature. It uses radar techniques to measure acoustic disturbances and derive the virtual temperature. RASS is typically used alongside radar wind profilers (RWPs) and operates at frequencies of 915 MHz and 1290 MHz. It has a sampling rate of approximately 5 to 15 minutes, a vertical resolution of 150 m, and a horizontal resolution of 60 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Boundary Layer Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Virtual Temperature
The NOAA/WPL Pulsed Coherent Doppler Lidar is a ground-based lidar system developed by the NOAA Wave Propagation Laboratory (WPL). It measures radial velocity as a function of range using light-scattering particles in the air as tracers to derive wind profiles and momentum fluxes. It operates at a wavelength of 10.59 μm and has a pulse repetition rate from 1 to 20 Hz. It provides velocity azimuth display (VAD) scans, range height indication (RHI), and volume or roster scans at a range resolution of 150 meters.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
Ceilometers are ground-based remote sensing sensors that measure cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They utilize a laser or another light source to detect backscatter from clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers provide detailed and precise measurements under all weather conditions and are cost-effective to operate. They are commonly used in boundary layer and cloud research.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Smoke/Sulfates, Clouds, and Radiation
1993—1995
Mid-Atlantic, Pacific Northwest, Central Brazil
view all deployment dates
3 Deployments
· 6 Data Products| 1993-07-12 | 1993-07-29 |
| 1994-09-19 | 1994-10-07 |
| 1995-08-13 | 1995-09-20 |
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment
1999—2003
Arctic, Kiruna, Sweden
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 32 Data Products| 1999-11-14 | 2000-03-20 |
| 2002-12-03 | 2003-02-06 |
The Fourier Transformation Spectrometer (FTS) is a high-resolution spectrometer used both in airborne and ground-based applications. FTS measures the solar radiance reflected from the surface, which can be used to estimate levels of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution of approximately 100m by 1000m and operates at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Raman Lidar (RL) is a ground-based lidar system operated by the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It detects Raman backscatter in the ultraviolet range (355 nm) to provide profiles of water vapor, temperature, and aerosol and cloud optical properties. It also detects Raman backscatter from water vapor at 408 nm and molecular nitrogen at 387 nm to help derive aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratios. It has a range resolution of 7.5 m, a time resolution of 10 seconds, and a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz. RL can deliver profile measurements from approximately 200 m up to 10 km above ground level.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) is a passive spectrometer technique used to measure trace gas concentrations. It detects trace gases by measuring specific, narrow-band absorptions in the ultraviolet and visible light spectrum. DOAS is typically used to detect ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (CH2O), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). It is suitable for both airborne and ground-based applications.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Sulfur Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is an airborne lidar system developed at NASA’s Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses four lasers to detect lidar backscatter and provide profile measurements of ozone and aerosols in the atmosphere. DIAL operates in the ultraviolet (289-300 nm) for ozone detection and in the visible (572-600 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) for aerosols. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 15 km and a measurement accuracy of 5 ppbv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Sunphotometers are passive optical sensors that measure the amount of sunlight. They are pointed directly at the sun to measure direct sunlight and not sunlight scatter from aerosols. These measurements can be used to determine the aerosol optical depth by following Beer’s Law. Sunphotometers have been deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and field sites for aerosol research and monitoring.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Sunshine
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
The Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is a ground-based lidar system located in Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, within the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). It is a multi-wavelength lidar that measures backscatter to retrieve aerosol and ozone profiles. It uses the DIAL technique to measure ozone at 308 and 353 nm. It detects aerosols at 353 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm wavelengths. It also detects Raman scattering light at the 607 nm wavelength. Its resolution ranges from 600 meters to 6 km, depending on the altitude.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
SMEX
Soil Moisture Experiment
2002—2005
Iowa, Oklahoma, Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Sonora, Mexico
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2005-06-10 | 2005-07-08 |
| 2004-07-20 | 2004-08-26 |
| 2002-06-15 | 2002-07-23 |
| 2003-06-16 | 2003-07-21 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Soil moisture probes are in situ ground-based sensors that measure soil water content. The most common type of soil moisture probes used for scientific research use dielectric permittivity techniques, such as capacitance or time-domain reflectometry sensors. These types of probes measure the charge-storage capacity of the soil to determine the soil moisture content. They typically operate at frequencies around 50 MHz and above to reduce sensitivity to salinity. Soil moisture probes provide continuous measurements and are relatively easy to deploy.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Salinity/soil Sodicity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Stream gauges are ground-based sensors that measure the water level or stage of rivers and streams at specific locations. The flow or discharge of a river can then be calculated from these stage measurements. These gauges can provide continuous data, making them useful for monitoring flood risk and water supply. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) operates a network of over 10,000 stream gauges across the United States to assist with flood prediction and water resource management.
Earth Science > Biosphere > Ecosystems > Freshwater Ecosystems > Rivers/stream
Earth Science > Terrestrial Hydrosphere > Surface Water > Surface Water Processes/measurements > Stage Height
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Soil temperature sensors are in situ ground-based sensors used to measure and monitor soil temperature. They measure soil temperature by using thermistors or thermocouples to detect changes in resistance to calculate the temperature. Soil temperature sensors are used for agricultural purposes, environmental monitoring, and ecological research.
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils
Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Land Surface/agriculture Indicators > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Cryosphere > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
SMEX
Soil Moisture Experiment
2002—2005
Iowa, Oklahoma, Georgia, Alabama, Arizona, Sonora, Mexico
view all deployment dates
4 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2005-06-10 | 2005-07-08 |
| 2004-07-20 | 2004-08-26 |
| 2002-06-15 | 2002-07-23 |
| 2003-06-16 | 2003-07-21 |
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Soil temperature sensors are in situ ground-based sensors used to measure and monitor soil temperature. They measure soil temperature by using thermistors or thermocouples to detect changes in resistance to calculate the temperature. Soil temperature sensors are used for agricultural purposes, environmental monitoring, and ecological research.
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils
Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Land Surface/agriculture Indicators > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Cryosphere > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Soil moisture probes are in situ ground-based sensors that measure soil water content. The most common type of soil moisture probes used for scientific research use dielectric permittivity techniques, such as capacitance or time-domain reflectometry sensors. These types of probes measure the charge-storage capacity of the soil to determine the soil moisture content. They typically operate at frequencies around 50 MHz and above to reduce sensitivity to salinity. Soil moisture probes provide continuous measurements and are relatively easy to deploy.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Salinity/soil Sodicity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Synergistic TEMPO Air Quality Science
2023
Los Angeles, New York City, Chicago, United States, North America
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 11 Data Products| 2023-06-24 | 2023-08-28 |
The Inexpensive Network Sensor Technology for Exploring Pollution (INSTEP) is an in situ, ground-based network of low-cost gas sensors. These sensors were based on a design from the Hannigan Lab at the University of Colorado Boulder. INSTEP monitors various trace gases such as methane, carbon dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide. Measurements are typically provided every 1 minute. INSTEP sensors were initially deployed across the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles Basin.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
The Pandora Spectrometer System is a ground-based UV-VIS spectrometer designed to measure column amounts of trace gases in the atmosphere. It employs total optical absorption spectroscopy for retrievals of ozone, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, and other trace gases. Pandora operates within the 280-525 nm spectral range at a resolution of 0.6 nm. It can perform both direct sun and all-sky radiance measurements, with an overall measurement time of 80 seconds. Pandora is part of a network of identical instruments called the Pandonia Global Network.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
The Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) is an interagency initiative involving NASA, NOAA, and USEPA that began in 2012. TOLNet provides highly time-resolved measurements of tropospheric ozone profiles to support air quality research and satellite validation. It includes several lidar systems across North America: JPL Table Mountain Facility (TMF) tropospheric ozone lidar, NOAA Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar, University of Alabama in Huntsville Rocket City Ozone Quality Evaluation in the Troposphere (RO3QET), Environment and Climate Change Canada’s Autonomous Mobile Ozone LIDAR Instrument for Tropospheric Experiments (AMOLITE), City College of New York Tropospheric Ozone Lidar System (NYTOLS), GSFC TROPospheric OZone (TROPOZ) DIAL, Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL), and Hampton University Lidar Laboratory. The mobile systems within TOLNet can be deployed in the field to provide collocated measurements of ozone alongside balloon and airborne sensors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Tropospheric Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
JAIVEx
Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment
2007
Ellington Field (EFD), Houston, TX
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2007-04-16 | 2007-05-04 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) is a ground-based passive interferometer developed by the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (UW-SSEC) for the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure downwelling thermal infrared emissions from the atmosphere. These measurements can be used to provide profile measurements of atmospheric temperature and water vapor and detect trace gases. AERI operates across the 3.3-19 μm spectral range and up to 25 μm for the extended range version of the instrument. It has an optimal vertical resolution of 100 meters and completes a full sky scan about every 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Raman Lidar (RL) is a ground-based lidar system operated by the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It detects Raman backscatter in the ultraviolet range (355 nm) to provide profiles of water vapor, temperature, and aerosol and cloud optical properties. It also detects Raman backscatter from water vapor at 408 nm and molecular nitrogen at 387 nm to help derive aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratios. It has a range resolution of 7.5 m, a time resolution of 10 seconds, and a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz. RL can deliver profile measurements from approximately 200 m up to 10 km above ground level.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Arctic Radiation-Cloud-Aerosol-Surface Interaction EXperiment
2024
Greenland, Arctic Ocean
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 13 Data Products| 2024-05-17 | 2024-06-17 |
| 2024-07-22 | 2024-08-16 |
Ceilometers are ground-based remote sensing sensors that measure cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They utilize a laser or another light source to detect backscatter from clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers provide detailed and precise measurements under all weather conditions and are cost-effective to operate. They are commonly used in boundary layer and cloud research.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
A pyrometer is a remote-sensing infrared thermometer that measures the temperature of distant objects. It determines an object's temperature by detecting its thermal radiation. It can be mounted on aircraft, ground vehicles, or water-based platforms for surface and sea surface temperature observations. For atmospheric studies, the pyrometer usually operates in the 9.6 to 11.5 µm spectral range and has a temperature range of -25 to 200 degrees Celsius. Pyrometers typically have a response time between 5 milliseconds and 600 seconds.
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Skin Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Sunphotometers are passive optical sensors that measure the amount of sunlight. They are pointed directly at the sun to measure direct sunlight and not sunlight scatter from aerosols. These measurements can be used to determine the aerosol optical depth by following Beer’s Law. Sunphotometers have been deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and field sites for aerosol research and monitoring.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Sunshine
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Micro Rain Radar (MRR) is a ground-based, vertically oriented, continuous wave K-band (24.23 GHz) radar that measures various parameters of precipitation, such as liquid water content and rain rate, from near ground level to the lower troposphere. The backscatter captured by the MRR’s antenna can determine precipitation size distributions ranging from 0.25 mm to 4.53 mm and can also calculate the frequency shift of falling precipitation to determine its velocity. Additional uses of the MRR include identifying bright bands, nowcasting precipitation, and tracking chemical transport during precipitation events. It has a range resolution of 10 to 200 meters and a sampling time of 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Rate
Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem Postlaunch Airborne eXperiment
2024
Southern and Central California
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 14 Data Products| 2024-08-28 | 2024-09-30 |
The Langley Aerosol Research Group Experiment (LARGE) is an in situ airborne instrument suite that measures aerosol and cloud microphysical and optical properties, such as size distribution, number concentration, and scattering and absorption coefficients. LARGE includes several instruments, such as the Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS), Particle-Into-Liquid Sampler (PILS), Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP), Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP), and additional cloud and aerosol sensors. The LARGE instruments operate over the 450-700 nm wavelength range, detect particles ranging from 0.003 to 20 μm, and measure at a frequency of 1 Hz. It is primarily used for airborne measurements but can also be deployed on ground-based platforms like vehicles.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by TSI Instruments. APS measures aerodynamic particles in the 0.5-20 μm size range. It also measures the light-scattering intensity of the particles in the 0.37-20 μm optical size range. APS provides particle size distributions for 52 channels at a typical sampling time of 1 second. It uses a laser diode operating at 655 nm and has a size resolution of 0.02 μm at 1 μm. APS can be deployed on aircraft, ships, or ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Ultra-High Sensitivity Aerosol Spectrometer (UHSAS) is an in situ spectrometer developed by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It can be used on both airborne and ground-based platforms to measure aerosol size distribution and concentration. UHSAS determines particle size by detecting the peak light signals from aerosol particles illuminated by a 1054 nm laser. It can sample particles in the 60–1000 nm size range and operates at a sampling frequency of 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Cloud Aerosol and Precipitation Spectrometer (CAPS) is an in situ airborne spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It combines the Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP), the Cloud and Aerosol Spectrometer (CAS), and the Hotwire Liquid Water Content (LWC) Sensor into a single instrument. CAPS measures the size distribution of aerosol, cloud, and liquid droplets for particles between 50-1600 μm in size, with a time resolution of 1 Hz. It can also capture images of cloud particles and provide measurements of temperature, pressure, and LWC.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Droplet Size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
The Tricolor Absorption Photometer (TAP) is an in situ optical sensor produced by Brechtel Manufacturing, Inc. It measures aerosol black carbon and light absorption by light transmission through a filter. It detects light absorption at three wavelengths: 467 nm, 528 nm, and 652 nm, providing data every second. TAP has been used for both ground-based and airborne observations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Nephelometers are in situ optical sensors that can be airborne or ground-based. They measure the total scattering and backscattering of aerosol particles in the atmosphere. Nephelometers operate at three wavelengths: 450 nm, 550 nm, and 700 nm, with a typical time resolution of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Forward Scatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentrations. CPCs determine aerosol levels by condensing fluid onto particles, causing them to grow to sizes detectable by optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles ranging from 7 nm to 3 μm, measure concentrations up to 100,000 particles per cubic centimeter, and provide readings every second. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be used on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Sunphotometers are passive optical sensors that measure the amount of sunlight. They are pointed directly at the sun to measure direct sunlight and not sunlight scatter from aerosols. These measurements can be used to determine the aerosol optical depth by following Beer’s Law. Sunphotometers have been deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and field sites for aerosol research and monitoring.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Sunshine
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
LMOS
Lake Michigan Ozone Study
2017
Lake Michigan
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 13 Data Products| 2017-05-22 | 2017-06-22 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
WINter EXperiment
1999
Upper Midwest, Great Lakes, Canada
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1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1999-03-15 | 1999-04-04 |
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment
1999—2003
Arctic, Kiruna, Sweden
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 32 Data Products| 1999-11-14 | 2000-03-20 |
| 2002-12-03 | 2003-02-06 |
Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) is a passive spectrometer technique used to measure trace gas concentrations. It detects trace gases by measuring specific, narrow-band absorptions in the ultraviolet and visible light spectrum. DOAS is typically used to detect ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (CH2O), and sulfur dioxide (SO2). It is suitable for both airborne and ground-based applications.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Formaldehyde
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Sulfur Compounds > Sulfur Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Nitrogen Compounds > Nitrogen Oxides
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens > Bromine Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Fourier Transformation Spectrometer (FTS) is a high-resolution spectrometer used both in airborne and ground-based applications. FTS measures the solar radiance reflected from the surface, which can be used to estimate levels of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere. It offers a spatial resolution of approximately 100m by 1000m and operates at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz during typical research flights.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Monoxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
The Raman Lidar (RL) is a ground-based lidar system operated by the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It detects Raman backscatter in the ultraviolet range (355 nm) to provide profiles of water vapor, temperature, and aerosol and cloud optical properties. It also detects Raman backscatter from water vapor at 408 nm and molecular nitrogen at 387 nm to help derive aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratios. It has a range resolution of 7.5 m, a time resolution of 10 seconds, and a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz. RL can deliver profile measurements from approximately 200 m up to 10 km above ground level.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is an airborne lidar system developed at NASA’s Langley Research Center (LaRC). It uses four lasers to detect lidar backscatter and provide profile measurements of ozone and aerosols in the atmosphere. DIAL operates in the ultraviolet (289-300 nm) for ozone detection and in the visible (572-600 nm) and infrared (1064 nm) for aerosols. It has a horizontal spatial resolution of approximately 15 km and a measurement accuracy of 5 ppbv.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Sunphotometers are passive optical sensors that measure the amount of sunlight. They are pointed directly at the sun to measure direct sunlight and not sunlight scatter from aerosols. These measurements can be used to determine the aerosol optical depth by following Beer’s Law. Sunphotometers have been deployed on aircraft, research vessels, and field sites for aerosol research and monitoring.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Sunshine
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
The Esrange MST Radar (ESRAD) is a ground-based, mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar located at Esrange, Sweden. It was designed to provide details about atmospheric winds and turbulence from the troposphere to the mesosphere. ESRAD measures radar backscatter at 52 MHz, which can be used to retrieve profiles of turbulence, vertical wind, and wind speed/direction. ESRAD can sample heights from 100 m to 128 km and has a range resolution of 75 m to 3 km. A typical cycle takes about 1 to 2 minutes in each scanning mode.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Vertical Wind Velocity/speed
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Dynamics > Turbulence
The Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI) Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) is a ground-based lidar system located in Ny-Alesund, Spitsbergen, within the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC). It is a multi-wavelength lidar that measures backscatter to retrieve aerosol and ozone profiles. It uses the DIAL technique to measure ozone at 308 and 353 nm. It detects aerosols at 353 nm, 532 nm, and 1064 nm wavelengths. It also detects Raman scattering light at the 607 nm wavelength. Its resolution ranges from 600 meters to 6 km, depending on the altitude.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Oxygen Compounds > Ozone
CaPE
Convection and Precipitation/Electrification Experiment
1991
East-Central Florida
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 1991-07-08 | 1991-08-18 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Wind Profiler is a ground-based Doppler radar. It measures electromagnetic signals to detect wind speed and direction. UHF Wind Profilers operate at the 300-1000 MHz frequency range. Due to operating at a high frequency, they allow for high-resolution wind measurements within the boundary layer.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Boundary Layer Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Lightning Detection and Ranging (LDAR) system is a ground-based lightning network located at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). It consists of seven very high-frequency (VHF) radio receivers that detect radio pulses produced by lightning. These receivers are arranged in a hexagonal pattern about 6 to 10 km from the central receiver. The LDAR system operates at 66 MHz with a bandwidth of 6 MHz. It has a typical detection range of 100 km and a time resolution of 10 ns. It provides near real-time mapping of lightning to support Space Shuttle operations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
Eddy Covariance Flux Towers are in situ micrometeorological surface towers. They are equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the trace gas fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere. Eddy Covariance Towers are typically used to measure fluxes for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O). These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Very High Frequency (VHF) Interferometer is a ground-based broadband interferometer system. It detects lightning by measuring the radio frequency signals radiated from lightning strikes. The VHF Interferometer system consists of 3 VHF antennas and one fast antenna. It operates across the 30-300 MHz frequency band.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Weather Events > Lightning
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
An Electric Field Mill (EFM) is a ground-based and airborne electric sensor developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). It measures the full vector components of the atmospheric electric field and provides information about the electrical structure within and around storms. EFMs can detect both intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning and can operate in large thunderstorm fields (thousands of volts per meter). An EFM typically has a response time of about 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
S-band radars are ground-based or shipborne radars that operate at the frequency range of 2-4 GHz. They provide measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other radar parameters to characterize precipitation and clouds. They are not easily attenuated making them useful for near and far-range weather observations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
X-band radars are ground-based radars that operate in the 8-12 GHz frequency range. They provide measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other radar parameters to characterize precipitation and clouds. Due to operating on a smaller wavelength, the X-band radars are more sensitive and can detect smaller particles, making them useful for studying light precipitation and cloud development.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
C-band radars operate within the 4-8 GHz frequency range. They provide measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other parameters to characterize precipitation and clouds. C-band radars are usually used for short-range weather observations because they are more prone to attenuation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
MILAGRO
Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations
2006
Mexico City Metropolitan Area
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2006-03-01 | 2006-03-30 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Generic-Chemistry Related Sensors (Gen-Chemistry) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for atmospheric chemistry measurements. These are typically in situ analyzers that measure various chemical compounds such as trace gases, halocarbons, volatile organic compounds, nitrates, aerosols, and other chemical species. Measurements can include mixing ratio, composition, particle size, optical properties, and particle size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Volatile Organic Compounds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Halocarbons And Halogens
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
ATOMIC
Atlantic Tradewind Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Interaction Campaign
2020
Tropical North Atlantic east of Barbados
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 1 Data Product| 2020-01-07 | 2020-02-13 |
Ceilometers are ground-based remote sensing sensors that measure cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They utilize a laser or another light source to detect backscatter from clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers provide detailed and precise measurements under all weather conditions and are cost-effective to operate. They are commonly used in boundary layer and cloud research.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) is an in situ device that measures particle electrical mobility to determine their size distribution. It mainly measures aerosols between 10 and 1,000 nm in diameter. DMA can be used for airborne, ground-based, and laboratory measurements.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentrations. CPCs determine aerosol levels by condensing fluid onto particles, causing them to grow to sizes detectable by optical scattering. Typically, CPCs can detect particles ranging from 7 nm to 3 μm, measure concentrations up to 100,000 particles per cubic centimeter, and provide readings every second. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be used on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) is an in situ aerosol sensor that can be operated on airborne or ground-based platforms, manufactured by TSI Incorporated. SMPS uses a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) to measure the electrical mobility diameter of aerosol particles, which helps determine the size distribution. It also counts the number of aerosol particles using a condensation particle counter (CPC). It detects particles in the size range of 10-1000 nm and typically takes about 10 seconds to complete each scan.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Chemical Composition
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
GRAINEX
Great Plains Irrigation Experiment
2018
Southeastern Nebraska
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2018-05-29 | 2018-07-30 |
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Soil temperature sensors are in situ ground-based sensors used to measure and monitor soil temperature. They measure soil temperature by using thermistors or thermocouples to detect changes in resistance to calculate the temperature. Soil temperature sensors are used for agricultural purposes, environmental monitoring, and ecological research.
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils
Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Land Surface/agriculture Indicators > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Cryosphere > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Soil moisture probes are in situ ground-based sensors that measure soil water content. The most common type of soil moisture probes used for scientific research use dielectric permittivity techniques, such as capacitance or time-domain reflectometry sensors. These types of probes measure the charge-storage capacity of the soil to determine the soil moisture content. They typically operate at frequencies around 50 MHz and above to reduce sensitivity to salinity. Soil moisture probes provide continuous measurements and are relatively easy to deploy.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Salinity/soil Sodicity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Wakasa Bay Experiment
Wakasa Bay Experiment
2003
Wakasa Bay, Japan, Sea of Japan, Western Pacific Ocean
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1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2003-01-14 | 2003-02-03 |
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The microwave radiometers (MWRs) are ground-based radiometers manufactured by Radiometrics Corporation and operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Research Facility. MWR measures brightness temperature at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz to determine the column amounts of water vapor and liquid water in the atmosphere. MWR has a field of view (FOV) ranging from about 5.9 to 4.5 degrees depending on the channel and typically has a time resolution of 20 seconds for sky-view observations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Generic-Micophysics Probes (Gen-Microphysics) refer to non-specific cloud probes on a platform used to measure cloud microphysics. These are typically in situ probes that measure the physical properties of clouds. These measurements can include particle size distribution, droplet growth, cloud optical thickness, liquid water content, droplet concentration, and cloud condensation nuclei.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Droplet Growth
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
The Micro Rain Radar (MRR) is a ground-based, vertically oriented, continuous wave K-band (24.23 GHz) radar that measures various parameters of precipitation, such as liquid water content and rain rate, from near ground level to the lower troposphere. The backscatter captured by the MRR’s antenna can determine precipitation size distributions ranging from 0.25 mm to 4.53 mm and can also calculate the frequency shift of falling precipitation to determine its velocity. Additional uses of the MRR include identifying bright bands, nowcasting precipitation, and tracking chemical transport during precipitation events. It has a range resolution of 10 to 200 meters and a sampling time of 10 seconds.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Rate
C-band radars operate within the 4-8 GHz frequency range. They provide measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other parameters to characterize precipitation and clouds. C-band radars are usually used for short-range weather observations because they are more prone to attenuation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
CanEx
Canadian Experiment for Soil Moisture
2010
Saskatchewan, Canada
view all deployment dates
2 Deployments
· 0 Data Products| 2010-07-13 | 2010-07-20 |
| 2010-06-01 | 2010-06-16 |
Digital cameras are used to provide imagery for research applications. Cameras are used on aircraft to collect aerial imagery for mapping and surveying, environmental monitoring, cloud observations, agriculture, geological studies, and other Earth science applications. They are also used at field sites to capture visual observations to monitor changes in land cover, vegetation, clouds, air quality, glaciers, and other phenomena.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Infrared Thermometers (IRTs) are ground-based pyrometers that measure the brightness temperature of a scene within their field of view. They determine brightness temperature by detecting electromagnetic radiation emitted by Earth’s surface. These measurements are used to find either the surface skin temperature or the sea surface temperature, depending on whether the platform is on land or water. IRTs typically operate within the 8- to 14-μm wavelength range.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Skin Temperature
Soil moisture probes are in situ ground-based sensors that measure soil water content. The most common type of soil moisture probes used for scientific research use dielectric permittivity techniques, such as capacitance or time-domain reflectometry sensors. These types of probes measure the charge-storage capacity of the soil to determine the soil moisture content. They typically operate at frequencies around 50 MHz and above to reduce sensitivity to salinity. Soil moisture probes provide continuous measurements and are relatively easy to deploy.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Salinity/soil Sodicity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Eddy Covariance Flux Towers are in situ micrometeorological surface towers. They are equipped with gas sensors to continuously measure the trace gas fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere. Eddy Covariance Towers are typically used to measure fluxes for carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and water vapor (H2O). These towers are also equipped with various meteorological sensors to measure air temperature, precipitation, winds, radiation, and soil temperature.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Carbon Dioxide
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Carbon And Hydrocarbon Compounds > Methane
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Longwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Shortwave Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity > Relative Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Moisture/water Content
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Soil temperature sensors are in situ ground-based sensors used to measure and monitor soil temperature. They measure soil temperature by using thermistors or thermocouples to detect changes in resistance to calculate the temperature. Soil temperature sensors are used for agricultural purposes, environmental monitoring, and ecological research.
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils
Earth Science > Climate Indicators > Land Surface/agriculture Indicators > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Agriculture > Soils > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils
Earth Science > Cryosphere > Frozen Ground > Soil Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Soils > Soil Temperature
CalNex
California Research at the Nexus of Air Quality and Climate Change
2010
California
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2010-05-01 | 2010-07-22 |
The Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) is an active ground-based acoustic sounder that provides profiles of virtual temperature. It uses radar techniques to measure acoustic disturbances and derive the virtual temperature. RASS is typically used alongside radar wind profilers (RWPs) and operates at frequencies of 915 MHz and 1290 MHz. It has a sampling rate of approximately 5 to 15 minutes, a vertical resolution of 150 m, and a horizontal resolution of 60 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Boundary Layer Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Virtual Temperature
The Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Wind Profiler is a ground-based Doppler radar. It measures electromagnetic signals to detect wind speed and direction. UHF Wind Profilers operate at the 300-1000 MHz frequency range. Due to operating at a high frequency, they allow for high-resolution wind measurements within the boundary layer.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Boundary Layer Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality
2019
Northwestern and Southeastern US
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 27 Data Products| 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-05 |
The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is a federated network of ground-based remote sensing aerosol sensors established by NASA and the PHOtométrie pour le Traitement Opérationnel de Normalisation Satellitaire (PHOTONS) in 1993. Each AERONET site includes a CIMEL Electronique sunphotometer that measures sun irradiance and sky radiances. These measurements are used to determine aerosol properties such as aerosol optical depth and extinction. The sunphotometers operate at nine wavelengths (340, 380, 440, 500, 675, 870, 937, 1020, and 1640 nm) and provide aerosol data approximately every 15 minutes. AERONET sites are distributed worldwide, enabling mapping of about 90% of the Earth’s surface.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Solar Irradiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
PECAN
Plains Elevated Convection at Night
2015
Great Plains, United States
view all deployment dates
1 Deployment
· 0 Data Products| 2015-06-01 | 2015-07-15 |
Ceilometers are ground-based remote sensing sensors that measure cloud ceilings and vertical visibility. They utilize a laser or another light source to detect backscatter from clouds, precipitation, and aerosols. Ceilometers provide detailed and precise measurements under all weather conditions and are cost-effective to operate. They are commonly used in boundary layer and cloud research.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Air Quality > Visibility
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Ceiling
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Altitude > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform used for measurements of atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed/direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
C-band radars operate within the 4-8 GHz frequency range. They provide measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other parameters to characterize precipitation and clouds. C-band radars are usually used for short-range weather observations because they are more prone to attenuation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) Wind Profiler is a ground-based Doppler radar. It measures electromagnetic signals to detect wind speed and direction. UHF Wind Profilers operate at the 300-1000 MHz frequency range. Due to operating at a high frequency, they allow for high-resolution wind measurements within the boundary layer.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Boundary Layer Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD) is a stationary, ground-based optical disdrometer. It has two line-scan cameras that continuously measure various precipitation properties such as droplet shape, fall velocity, and size distribution. The 2DVD precisely measures all precipitation particles larger than 0.2 mm in diameter, making it suitable for various precipitation studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Rate
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Droplet Size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
The Raman Lidar (RL) is a ground-based lidar system operated by the Department of Energy’s (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It detects Raman backscatter in the ultraviolet range (355 nm) to provide profiles of water vapor, temperature, and aerosol and cloud optical properties. It also detects Raman backscatter from water vapor at 408 nm and molecular nitrogen at 387 nm to help derive aerosol optical properties and water vapor mixing ratios. It has a range resolution of 7.5 m, a time resolution of 10 seconds, and a pulse repetition frequency of 30 Hz. RL can deliver profile measurements from approximately 200 m up to 10 km above ground level.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Extinction
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles > Water Vapor Mixing Ratio Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The microwave radiometers (MWRs) are ground-based radiometers manufactured by Radiometrics Corporation and operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Research Facility. MWR measures brightness temperature at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz to determine the column amounts of water vapor and liquid water in the atmosphere. MWR has a field of view (FOV) ranging from about 5.9 to 4.5 degrees depending on the channel and typically has a time resolution of 20 seconds for sky-view observations.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Rain gauges are ground-based instruments that measure liquid precipitation amounts directly over a specified period. Different rain gauges, such as tipping buckets and weighing gauges, collect and record data in various ways. Because of their small size and easy setup, rain gauges can be placed in different locations and are often used alongside other precipitation instruments like disdrometers to gather more details, such as precipitation rate and size distribution.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Liquid Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Precipitation Amount
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
The Atmospheric Emitted Radiance Interferometer (AERI) is a ground-based passive interferometer developed by the University of Wisconsin Space Science and Engineering Center (UW-SSEC) for the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. It uses Fourier transform spectroscopy to measure downwelling thermal infrared emissions from the atmosphere. These measurements can be used to provide profile measurements of atmospheric temperature and water vapor and detect trace gases. AERI operates across the 3.3-19 μm spectral range and up to 25 μm for the extended range version of the instrument. It has an optimal vertical resolution of 100 meters and completes a full sky scan about every 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Chemistry > Trace Gases/trace Species
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of the returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed to create mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars are operating across the United States and some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Generic-Radiometers refer to non-specific radiometers on a platform. These are typically passive microwave radiometers that measure brightness temperature. Radiometers can be used to retrieve temperature and water vapor profiles, soil moisture content, ocean salinity, precipitation and cloud properties, and vegetation.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
The Total Sky Imager (TSI) is a ground-based, optical instrument developed by Yankee Environmental Systems (YES), Inc. TSI provides full-color, hemispheric images of the sky during the day using a charge-coupled device (CCD) imager. It also measures fractional sky cover and sun obscuration caused by clouds. TSI can be mounted on mobile platforms such as trailers and research vehicles, enabling it to collect cloud cover data in different locations during field studies.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Fraction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
The Scanning ARM Cloud Radar (SACR) is a ground-based Doppler radar system operated by the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It is a polarimetric Doppler radar consisting of three radar designs at different operating frequencies: X-SACR (9.71 GHz), Ka-SACR (35.3 GHz), and W-SACR (94 GHz). For each deployment location, two SACR radars are deployed with operating frequencies determined by atmospheric attenuation at the site. SACR provides measurements of radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, spectrum width, and other polarimetric parameters at a gate spacing of 25 meters.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
The Doppler Lidar (DL) is a ground-based lidar system used to measure radial velocity and attenuated aerosol backscatter. It detects aerosol backscatter in the near-infrared (1.5 microns) and uses coherent detection to measure the Doppler frequency shift of the backscatter signal to determine radial velocity. It features a range gate size of 18 to 60 meters, a typical maximum data range of 9.6 km, and a temporal resolution of 0.01 to 30 seconds. The Department of Energy operates DLs at its Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility sites.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Backscatter
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
The Micropulse Lidar (MPL) is a ground-based lidar system used for cloud detection. It measures lidar backscatter at 532 nm to retrieve cloud properties such as cloud top and base height. It can also be used for the detection of aerosols. MPL has a vertical resolution of 15 m and a maximum range of 18 km. MPL can operate autonomously and typically provides 10-second averaged data.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Backscatter
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Top Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Properties > Cloud Base Height
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Lidar > Lidar Depolarization Ratio
The Ka-band ARM Zenith Radar (KAZR) is a ground-based Doppler radar operated by the Department of Energy (DoE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) User Facility. It is a 35 GHz, zenith-pointing radar that provides vertical profiles of clouds by measuring radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and spectrum width. KAZR has a beamwidth of 0.3 degrees, a maximum range of 15 kilometers, and a spatial resolution of 30 meters. KAZR is available at several DoE ARM sites and can be deployed for mobile observations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
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