ATR-42
ATR-42

The Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) is an in situ spectrometer manufactured by TSI Incorporated. It measures aerosol particle size distribution from 5.6 to 560 nm across 32 resolution channels. The FMPS has a data rate of 1 Hz and a sample flow rate of 10 liters per minute. It can be deployed on airborne and ground-based platforms and is ideal for studying relatively stable aerosols.

The Optical Particle Counter (OPC) is an optical instrument that measures aerosol particle size and concentration. It determines particle size and concentration by detecting the intensity of scattered light. Most OPCs operate in the visible to near-infrared range (500-1100 nm) and have a time resolution of 1 second. They are typically used to measure particles larger than 0.5 μm in diameter. OPCs can be used for both airborne and ground-based applications.

The Passive-Cavity Aerosol Spectrometer Probe (PCASP) is an in situ airborne optical spectrometer manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures light scattered by particles to determine aerosol size distribution and concentration across 0.1 to 3.0 μm. PCASP operates at 632 nm and typically samples at 10 Hz.

The Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) is an in situ aerosol sensor manufactured by TSI Incorporated. The SMPS uses a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) to measure the electrical mobility diameter of aerosol particles, thereby determining the size distribution. It also counts aerosol particles using a condensation particle counter (CPC). It detects particles in the 10-1000 nm size range and typically completes each scan in about 10 seconds. The SMPS can be used on airborne or ground-based platforms.

The Two-Stage Viable Andersen Cascade Impactor (ACI) is an in situ aerosol sampler. It is used when only the total particle count is needed for analysis and the size distribution is not required. The sampled air flows through the instrument, and aerosol particles are collected on the corresponding plates in the two sampling stages. Larger particles (> 8 μm) are collected in the first stage, while smaller particles (0.8-8 μm) are collected in the second stage. It maintains a precise flow rate of 28.3 liters per minute.

The Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) is an in situ airborne optical array probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It captures images of cloud particles by recording shadows as particles pass through a laser beam. It also provides data on particle size distribution and cloud liquid water content. CIP typically has a resolution of 25 μm and can measure particles from 12.5 μm to 1.55 mm.

The Particulate Volume Matter (PVM-100A) is an in situ airborne cloud probe manufactured by Gerber Scientific. It measures liquid water content and the effective radius of cloud droplets by measuring the scattering intensity, which is proportional to droplet density and particle surface area density. The PVM-100A operates at 780 nm and has a measurement rate of up to 5000 Hz. It can measure droplets with diameters of 3-50 μm. The ground-based model of this instrument is the PVM-100.

The LEANDRE II is an airborne lidar system developed at the Service d’Aéronomie du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) in Paris. It uses the differential absorption lidar technique to provide profiles of water vapor mixing ratio. LEANDRE II operates in a double-pulse, double-wavelength mode within the 727-770 nm spectral range. It has a vertical resolution of 300 m and a horizontal resolution of 800 m. LEANDRE II has a double-pulse temporal separation of 50 microseconds and a repetition rate of 10 Hz.

The Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) is an in situ airborne photometer manufactured by Radiance Research. It applies Beer's Law to measure changes in light transmission caused by aerosol particles. These measurements help determine aerosol absorption and extinction. The PSAP operates at three wavelengths (467, 530, and 660 nm) and has a 1-second time resolution. It is typically deployed on aircraft but can also be used on ships and vehicles.

Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) are in situ sensors that measure aerosol particle concentrations. CPCs determine aerosol concentrations by condensing a fluid onto particles, causing them to grow to sizes detectable by optical scattering. Typically, CPCs detect particles from 7 nm to 3 μm, measure concentrations up to 100,000 particles per cubic centimeter, and provide readings every second. CPCs are manufactured by TSI Incorporated and can be used on airborne, shipborne, and ground-based platforms.

The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It determines particle size distribution by measuring the light intensity scattered by individual particles within a cloud. The FSSP detects particles from 0.5 to 47 μm in diameter. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and typically samples at 1 Hz.

The Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is an in situ spectrometer developed by Aerodyne Research. It uses quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure aerosol chemical composition and properties. It detects particles from 40 nm to 1 micron in size and offers a time resolution of up to 10 Hz. It can be installed on aircraft, research vessels, mobile laboratories, or other ground-based platforms.

The Cloud Droplet Probe (CDP) is an in situ cloud probe manufactured by Droplet Measurement Technologies. It measures the particle size distribution and concentration of cloud particles in the 2-50 μm range. The CDP detects pulses of light scattered by a 658 nm laser to count and size individual cloud droplets. It has a typical measurement rate of 1 Hz and can detect concentrations of up to 2000 particles per cubic centimeter.

The Community Aerosol Inlet (CAI) is an airborne in situ sampler that collects aerosol samples during large airborne research campaigns. It is a shrouded inlet typically mounted on the aircraft's nose to collect samples ahead of the aircraft's fuselage. It has a design flow rate of 8000 liters per minute and can sample aerosol particles up to 5 μm in diameter.

The Condensation Nuclei Counter (CNC) is an in situ optical sensor produced by Droplet Measurement Technologies and TSI, Inc. It detects cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) by supersaturating the sampled air, making CCN particles detectable. The particles are then measured by an optical particle counter (OPC). The CNC detects particles from 0.75 to 10 μm in diameter and operates at a sampling rate of 1 Hz. It is suitable for both airborne and ground-based operations.

Rosemount Temperature Probes are in situ airborne temperature sensors manufactured by Rosemount, Inc. They provide atmospheric temperature measurements and are typically used to collect flight-level meteorological observations. Rosemount Temperature Probes consist of temperature transmitters, thermocouple sensors, resistance temperature detectors, and other temperature sensors.