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Cooperative Oklahoma Profiler Studies-1991
Weather
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- view all deployment datesDeployment
1991-04-15 1991-06-20 - 6
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The Campaign
The Cooperative Oklahoma Profiler Studies-1991 (COPS-91) was an interagency field campaign that investigated drylines in the Southern Plains to better understand convection initiation along them. It consisted of one deployment from April to June 1991 across Oklahoma, southwest Kansas, and the Texas Panhandle. The NOAA-3 was equipped with radars and in situ meteorological sensors to observe drylines and convective systems. Mobile laboratories from the National Severe Storm Laboratory (NSSL) were equipped with the Cross-Chain Loran Atmospheric Sounding System (CLASS) and surface meteorological stations, and a network of NCAR’s Portable Automated Mesonetwork (PAM) stations was also deployed. Wind profiler network and NEXRAD radar observations were also collected. COPS-91 was supported by NOAA, NSF, and NASA.
COPS91
1991-04-15 — 1991-06-20
Oklahoma, Texas Panhandle, Southwest Kansas
boreal spring, wet
N: 39°N
S: 30°N
W: 103°W
E: 94°W
Additional Notes
Repositories
data center outside NASA
DRYLINE
CONVECTION
CONVECTION INITIATION
SEVERE WEATHER
TORNADIC SUPERCELLS
MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS
BOUNDARY LAYER PROCESSES
WIND PROFILES
RADAR
Slide 1 of 6
P-3 Orion
33 Campaigns · 154 Instruments
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform that measure atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed and direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Lower Fuselage (LF) Radar is an airborne radar system mounted on the lower fuselage of the NOAA P-3 aircraft used by the Hurricane Research Division. It measures radar reflectivity, Doppler velocity, and other radar parameters to characterize tropical storms and precipitation. It operates at 5370 MHz with a horizontal beamwidth of 1.1 degrees. The LF Radar has a maximum unambiguous range of 750 km and a pulse repetition frequency of 200 Hz.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Dropsondes, also called dropwindsondes, are instruments deployed from aircraft. They are equipped with Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers and sensors that record vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. Dropsondes enable researchers to gather vertical profiles in remote areas and during severe weather. Typically, dropsondes have a vertical resolution of 5 meters and measure wind speed and direction every 0.25 seconds, while temperature, pressure, and humidity are recorded every 0.5 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
The Tail Doppler Radar (TDR) is an airborne, vertically scanning, pulse-Doppler X-band radar operated by NOAA. It is installed on the tail of the research aircraft and is typically equipped on NOAA’s P-3 aircraft for hurricane and precipitation research missions. TDR measures radar reflectivity and Doppler wind velocities in the 9315 MHz frequency band. It has a horizontal beam width of 1.35 degrees and a range gate spacing of 150 or 300 meters.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Return Power
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
T-28
SDSMT T-28
2 Campaigns · 9 Instruments
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform that measure atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed and direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
An Electric Field Mill (EFM) is a ground-based and airborne electric field sensor developed at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). It measures all vector components of the atmospheric electric field and provides information about the electrical structure inside and around storms. EFMs can detect both intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning and operate in large thunderstorm fields (thousands of volts per meter). An EFM typically has a response time of about 10 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Electric Field
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Electricity > Lightning
Rosemount Pressure Probes are in situ airborne pressure sensors manufactured by Rosemount, Inc. They provide high-precision atmospheric pressure measurements and are typically used to collect flight-level meteorological observations. Rosemount Pressure Probes include various pressure transducers, gauges, and multivariable and coplanar transmitters.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Differential Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Accelerometers are in situ sensors that measure the acceleration experienced by an object. They use electromagnetic sensing to detect the object's vibration. The vibration exerts a force on the sensor, producing an electrical charge that indicates the magnitude of the force and can be used to determine the acceleration. Accelerometers are typically used on aircraft to collect flight navigation information. They have also been deployed on research vessels and other water-based platforms, such as buoys.
Earth Science > >
Rosemount Temperature Probes are in situ airborne temperature sensors manufactured by Rosemount, Inc. They provide atmospheric temperature measurements and are typically used to collect flight-level meteorological observations. Rosemount Temperature Probes consist of temperature transmitters, thermocouple sensors, resistance temperature detectors, and other temperature sensors.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Generic-Microphysics Probes (Gen-Microphysics) are non-specific cloud probes on a platform used to measure cloud microphysics. These are typically in situ probes that measure the physical properties of clouds. These measurements can include particle size distribution, droplet growth, cloud optical thickness, liquid water content, droplet concentration, and cloud condensation nuclei.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Droplet Growth
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Condensation Nuclei
The High Volume Precipitation Spectrometer (HVPS) is an in situ airborne particle imager manufactured by SPEC Inc. It employs a 128-photodiode array to capture images of precipitation particles. These images help determine particle shape, size, and concentration. HVPS-3 has a pixel resolution of 150 μm and a maximum field of view of 1.92 cm.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
The Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe (FSSP) is an in situ airborne optical particle counter developed by Particle Measuring Systems, Inc. It measures particle size distribution by detecting the light intensity scattered by individual particles within a cloud. The FSSP detects particles ranging from 0.5 to 47 μm in diameter. It operates at a wavelength of 633 nm and typically samples at a rate of 1 Hz.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
The 2D-C/P Hydrometeor Imaging Probe is an in situ, airborne instrument that captures images of hydrometeors. It records these images by detecting the illuminated or shadowed states of the photodiode array as the hydrometeors' shadows pass over it. The 2D-C/P also provides measurements of particle size distribution, cloud droplet concentration, and hydrometeor shape. Typically, 2D-C/P probes have an image resolution of 25 micrometers and can image hydrometeors with diameters up to 1600 micrometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Particle Size Distribution
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation > Hydrometeors
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Precipitation
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Balloon Launch Site
94 Campaigns · 23 Instruments
Radiosondes are balloon-borne instrument packages that measure pressure, temperature, humidity, and wind profiles. These sensors are connected to a radio transmitter that sends the measurements to a ground receiver, usually operating in the 400-406 MHz range. They typically record data every 1-6 seconds, depending on the radiosonde type and manufacturer. Radiosondes are used for weather forecasting, ground-truthing satellite data, atmospheric research, and as inputs for weather prediction models.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Vehicle
23 Campaigns · 69 Instruments
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform that measure atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed and direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Field Site
Stationary
79 Campaigns · 175 Instruments
Microwave radiometers (MWRs) are ground-based instruments manufactured by Radiometrics Corporation and operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Research Facility. MWRs measure brightness temperature at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz to determine column amounts of atmospheric water vapor and liquid water. MWRs have a field of view (FOV) ranging from about 5.9 to 4.5 degrees, depending on the channel, and typically provide sky-view observations with a time resolution of 20 seconds.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Water Vapor
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Microwave > Brightness Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Liquid Water/ice
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Total Precipitable Water
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
The Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) is an active, ground-based acoustic sounder that profiles virtual temperature. It uses radar techniques to measure acoustic disturbances and derive virtual temperature. RASS is typically used alongside radar wind profilers (RWPs) and operates at 915 MHz and 1290 MHz. It has a sampling interval of 5 to 15 minutes, a vertical resolution of 150 m, and a horizontal resolution of 60 m.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Boundary Layer Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Planetary Boundary Layer Height
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Vertical Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Upper Air Temperature > Virtual Temperature
Generic-Atmospheric State (Gen-AtmsState) refers to non-specific instruments on a platform that measure atmospheric state parameters. These are typically in situ sensors that measure temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind speed and direction. Types of atmospheric state instruments include thermometers, hygrometers, barometers, and anemometers.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Water Vapor > Water Vapor Indicators > Humidity
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature > Surface Temperature > Air Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Pressure > Atmospheric Pressure Measurements
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Direction
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Surface Winds > Wind Speed
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
Permanent Land Site
Stationary
69 Campaigns · 103 Instruments
The Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) wind profiler is a ground-based Doppler radar that measures electromagnetic signals to determine wind speed and direction. UHF wind profilers operate in the 300-1000 MHz frequency range. This high operating frequency enables high-resolution wind measurements in the boundary layer. NOAA operates a network of radar wind profilers as part of the NOAA Profiler Network (NPN).
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Upper Level Winds > Boundary Layer Winds
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Velocity/speed Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds > Wind Profiles > Wind Direction Profiles
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Winds
The Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) is a network of high-resolution, S-band radars operated by the National Weather Service (NWS), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the United States Air Force. NEXRAD measures the magnitude of returned energy to provide reflectivity, velocity, and spectrum width observations, which can be processed into mosaic maps of precipitation. NEXRAD radars typically operate with a 0.9-degree beamwidth, 0.25 to 1 km spatial resolution, and a maximum range of 230 to 460 km. Currently, over 160 NEXRAD radars operate across the United States and in some overseas locations.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Doppler Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Reflectivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radial Velocity > Mean Radial Velocity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Radar Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Radar > Spectrum Width
Events
1 Deployment
1 IOP
8 Significant Events
NOAA, NSF, NASA
Currently unavailable
Currently unavailable
Howard Bluestein
Currently unavailable
data center outside NASA
NASA, NCAR
Currently unavailable