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Western Diversity Time Series
Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems
- 6
- view all deployment datesDeployments
2020-09-17 2020-10-15 2021-02-09 2021-04-02 2022-09-02 2022-09-09 2023-03-31 2023-05-02 2024-06-04 2024-06-28 2025-05-27 2025-07-17 - 1
- Platforms
- 8
- Data Products
The Campaign
The Western Diversity Time Series (WDTS) is an ongoing NASA field investigation focused on observing California’s ecosystems and providing critical information on natural disasters using multispectral imagery. Since 2020, WDTS has carried out six deployments in Southern California during fall and spring. NASA’s ER-2 aircraft is equipped with remote sensors such as the MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER), Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS), Hyperspectral Thermal Emission Spectrometer (HyTES), and Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) to gather VIS-SWIR and TIR airborne images. WDTS advances the work done in the HyspIRI Airborne campaign, which took place from 2013 to 2018.
2020-09-17 — 2025-07-17
Southern California, Nevada, Pacific Ocean
boreal fall, boreal spring, boreal winter
N: 43°N
S: 30°N
W: 130°W
E: 112°W
no campaign DOI available
Additional Notes
WDTS is an ongoing campaign with data collection still in progress.
Repositories
LAND COVER
LAND COVER CHANGES
LAND USE
VEGETATION
LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE
RADIANCE
EMISSIVITY
VISIBLE IMAGERY
THERMAL INFRARED IMAGERY
SHORTWAVE INFRARED IMAGERY
ECOSYSTEM
LAND CHARACTERISTICS
Slide 1 of 5
NASA Earth Resources-2 Aircraft
65 Campaigns · 110 Instruments
The Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) is an airborne imaging spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at Ames Research Center (ARC), with science and management support from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It provides visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to support atmospheric research and validate satellite retrievals. PICARD operates across 205 spectral bands within a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. It has a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 2 to 16 kilometers, depending on altitude. PICARD has a frame rate ranging from 6.25 to 100 Hz, depending on the integration time, and a field of view of 50 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels spanning 380 to 2510 nm. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions. HyTES provides high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels spanning 7.5 to 12 µm, with an integration time of 30 ms. At a flight altitude of 4 km, HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible-to-shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery across 50 spectral channels spanning 0.4-13 μm. MASTER has a spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
NASA Earth Resources-2 Aircraft
65 Campaigns · 110 Instruments
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels spanning 380 to 2510 nm. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible-to-shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery across 50 spectral channels spanning 0.4-13 μm. MASTER has a spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
NASA Earth Resources-2 Aircraft
65 Campaigns · 110 Instruments
The Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) is an airborne imaging spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at Ames Research Center (ARC), with science and management support from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It provides visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to support atmospheric research and validate satellite retrievals. PICARD operates across 205 spectral bands within a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. It has a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 2 to 16 kilometers, depending on altitude. PICARD has a frame rate ranging from 6.25 to 100 Hz, depending on the integration time, and a field of view of 50 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels spanning 380 to 2510 nm. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
HySpex Mjolnir V-1240 is a hyperspectral imaging system developed by HySpex, NEO. It is designed to operate on uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) and has also been used on the NASA ER-2 aircraft. It can be configured for ground-based operations as well. The system captures visible and near-infrared imagery across 200 bands spanning 400 to 1000 nm at a spectral resolution of 3 nm. It has a field of view of 20 degrees and a pixel resolution of 1240. The device weighs less than 4 kg and consumes less than 50 W.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Hyperspectral Thermal Emissions Spectrometer (HyTES) is an airborne pushbroom imaging spectrometer developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) missions. HyTES provides high spatial and spectral resolution measurements of brightness temperature, emissivity, and land surface temperature. It operates across 256 spectral channels spanning 7.5 to 12 µm, with an integration time of 30 ms. At a flight altitude of 4 km, HyTES has a horizontal resolution of 7 m and a swath width of 3.6 km. HyTES was funded through NASA’s Earth Science Technology Office (ESTO) Instrument Incubator Program (IIP).
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Atmospheric Radiation > Emissivity
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Brightness Temperature
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible-to-shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery across 50 spectral channels spanning 0.4-13 μm. MASTER has a spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
NASA Earth Resources-2 Aircraft
65 Campaigns · 110 Instruments
The Airborne Multiangle SpectroPolariMetric Imager (AirMSPI) is a passive, airborne pushbroom camera developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in collaboration with engineers from the University of Arizona and the University of Texas. AirMSPI operates across eight spectral bands (355, 380, 445, 470, 555, 660, 865, 935 nm) to provide multiangle radiance and linear polarization observations, which can be used to determine aerosol and cloud microphysical properties. AirMSPI has a spatial resolution of 10 to 25 meters, depending on the scan mode, and typically captures images at 23 Hz. It was designed to be mounted on the nose of NASA’s ER-2 aircraft and has been utilized in several aerosol and cloud research missions.
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Ultraviolet Wavelengths > Ultraviolet Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Optical Depth/thickness
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Aerosols > Aerosol Particle Properties
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics
Earth Science > Atmosphere > Clouds > Cloud Microphysics > Cloud Droplet Concentration/size
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels spanning 380 to 2510 nm. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The Pushbroom Imager for Cloud and Aerosol Research and Development (PICARD) is an airborne imaging spectrometer operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at Ames Research Center (ARC), with science and management support from Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). It provides visible near-infrared (VNIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) imagery to support atmospheric research and validate satellite retrievals. PICARD operates across 205 spectral bands within a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. It has a pixel spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 2 to 16 kilometers, depending on altitude. PICARD has a frame rate ranging from 6.25 to 100 Hz, depending on the integration time, and a field of view of 50 degrees.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible-to-shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery across 50 spectral channels spanning 0.4-13 μm. MASTER has a spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
NASA Earth Resources-2 Aircraft
65 Campaigns · 110 Instruments
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer 5 (AVIRIS-5) is an airborne imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It is identical in design to the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) Imaging Spectrometer mounted on the International Space Station (ISS). It measures radiance and captures imagery across the 380-2500 nm spectral range with 425 channels at 5 nm spectral resolution. AVIRIS-5 has a spatial resolution of 8 meters.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
The Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer - Classic (AVIRIS-C) is a passive imaging spectrometer developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). It collects visible and infrared images across 224 spectral channels spanning 380 to 2510 nm. It has a horizontal resolution of 20 m and a swath width of 12 km at an altitude of 20 km. It operates at a scan rate of 12 Hz. AVIRIS-C has been replaced by AVIRIS-Next Generation (AVIRIS-NG), but it remains in use.
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Imagery
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
The MODIS/ASTER Airborne Simulator (MASTER) is an airborne scanning spectrometer developed at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to support the validation of MODIS and ASTER retrieval algorithms. MASTER is maintained and operated by the Airborne Sensor Facility (ASF) at ARC. It provides visible-to-shortwave infrared and thermal infrared imagery across 50 spectral channels spanning 0.4-13 μm. MASTER has a spatial resolution of 5 to 50 meters and a swath width of 1.87 to 37.25 km, depending on flight altitude. Its typical scan rate is 6.25 Hz.
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Thermal Infrared
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Visible Wavelengths > Visible Radiance
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Thermal Properties > Land Surface Temperature
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties > Emissivity
Earth Science > Land Surface > Surface Radiative Properties
Earth Science > Spectral/engineering > Infrared Wavelengths > Infrared Radiance
Events
6 Deployments
6 IOPs
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NASA
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Simon Hook, Robert Green
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